DETAILED REPORT OF SELECTED NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCT PINE HONEY 31 August 2020, Edited Draft 1 CONTENTS FOREWORD .................................................................................................................................. 4 METHODOLOGY ........................................................................................................................... 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ................................................................................................................. 6 ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ................................................................................................ 7 EXECUTIVE SUMMARY .................................................................................................................. 9 1. CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION ................................................................................................. 10 1.1. Beekeping and Honey Production in Turkey ............................................................ 10 1.2. Pine Honey ................................................................................................................ 11 1.3. The giant pine scale-Marchaline hellenica ............................................................... 11 1.4. Muğla Province for Pine Honey Production .............................................................. 16 1.5. Official Statistics in Turkey ....................................................................................... 17 2. CHAPTER II ECONOMİCAL VALUE AND USAGES .................................................................... 19 2.1. Economical Value ...................................................................................................... 19 2.2. Beekeeping in Culture ............................................................................................... 20 2.3. Areas of Usage ........................................................................................................... 21 2.4. Contribution to Rural Development focusing on Youth and Women ....................... 22 3. CHAPTER III: SPECIFIC SECTORAL POLICIES .......................................................................... 24 3.1. Communique on NWFPs ........................................................................................... 24 3.2. Honey Production Forest Action Plans ..................................................................... 25 3.3. Standards ................................................................................................................... 25 3.4. Production Procedures ............................................................................................... 26 4. CHAPTER IV: ADMINISTRATIVE STRUCTURE ......................................................................... 26 5. CHAPTER V: CHALLENGES AND RECOMMENDATIONS ........................................................... 27 6. CHAPTER VI: CONCLUSIONS ................................................................................................. 29 REFERENCES ............................................................................................................................... 30 2 TABLES Table 1. Number of agriculture holdings in apiculture, Honey and wax production (TurkStat2020a) . 18 FIGURES Figure 1 Top ten honey producers between 2015-2018 in the world (FAOSTAT) ................................ 10 Figure 2. Turkey honey production in last five year .............................................................................. 18 Figure 3. Top 5 cities in Turkey in honey production ............................................................................ 18 Figure 4. Top 10 Countries Exported 2019 (kg) ..................................................................................... 19 Figure 5. Stakeholders of pine honey .................................................................................................... 27 PICTURES Picture 1. Effect of Marchalina hellenica beetle on red pine (Pinus brutia) branch and trunk ............ 12 Picture 2.Forests where Marchaline hellenica are found in Muğla province ....................................... 17 Picture 3. Beekeeper women ................................................................................................................ 23 TEXT BOXES Text Box 1. Personal Communictaion with Prof. Mustafa Avcı on Marchalina hellenica .................... 13 Text Box 2. Personal Communictaion with Özgür Balcı on Marchalina hellenica ................................. 13 Text Box 3. EPPO Desicion on Marchalina hellenica ............................................................................. 14 Text Box 4. Beekeeping in Ordu ............................................................................................................ 19 3 FOREWORD A Letter of Agreement (LoA) was signed between Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO) and the Chamber of Forest Engineers of Turkey (CFE) for "Provision of Technical Guidelines on sustainable management of NWFPs and the Status Reports on specific selected products” on 20 December 2019. According to this LoA, the Service Provider undertook the following activities: 1. Identify, select and showcase Non-Wood Forest Products (NWFPs) that have economic impact on rural and national economies and environmental importance in the sense of biodiversity. 2. Review the existing national policies and action plans related to specific NWFPs in Turkey and provide recommendations to strengthen governance. 3. Analyze and map out the selected NWFPs taking into account the potential impact on rural workforce, in particular women and youth. 4. Conduct consultation meetings on the findings of the review with relevant stakeholders (local, national and private) to enhance their inputs. 5. Prepare guidelines on sustainable management, production and marketing of NWFPs in line with international standards and market requirements. 6. Prepare Status Update Reports on the selected NWFPs along with recommendation in the value chain. 7. Consolidate the findings with other ongoing projects in REU or Mediterranean Region. In this context, a preparatory meeting was held on 15 January 2020 with the presence of relevant people from the General Directorate of Forestry of Turkey (GDF) and CFE. A working group was established to carry out the necessary studies. This working group selected chestnut, laurel, pine honey, resin and truffle as the NWFPs to work in detail due to their importance of "economic value, contribution to biodiversity and the potential impact on rural workforce, in particular women and youth" as stated in the LoA. After several meetings and examining case studies, this report entitled “DETAILED REPORT OF SELECTED NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCT; PINE HONEY” prepared. It gives general information about chestnut as one of the most important NWFPs in Turkey. It contains six main chapters namely i) introduction, ii) economical value and usage, iii) specific sectoral policies, iv) administrative structure, v) challenges and recommendations, iv) conclusions and additional sections as annexes and references. As of 31st of August, 2020, the Chamber of Forest Engineers officially submitted the “Edited Draft Report” to FAO for review. 4 METHODOLOGY This report gives general information about the pine honey in Turkey as a NWFPs. While preparing this report, the following issues and case studies have been taken into consideration: 1. Opinions and contributions of CFE, GDF and FAO Experts, 2. Turkey's current legislation and practices, 3. FAO's web page on non-wood forest products1 4. Other publications on the subject, especially the publication "Non ‐ Wood Forest Products in International Statistical Systems"2 5. Web pages of completed or ongoing projects, and publications and reports produced within this framework: a. INCREDIBLE3 b. StarTree4 The GDF as a corporate body under the Ministry of Agriculture and Forestry (MAF) is responsible for sustainable forest management activities including NWFPs. GDF has center and regional departments. At the center level it operates with 21 Departments, which one of them is the DNWFPS. The preparation of this report has been done in close cooperation with DNWFPS. All the data collected are approved by this department. The official correspondences with other institutes like Turkish Standards Institution, Ministry of Trade and other have been executed through this department starting from December 2019. There are different terminologies and definitions used for NWFPs. Considering this current situation, a scheme has been created for this report by as shown in relevant section in this scheme NWFPs are divided into four groups according to their origin/sources, product type, usage and sales. 1 http://www.fao.org/forestry/nwfp/en/ 2 http://www.fao.org/3/a-i6731e.pdf, 3 -https://www.incredibleforest.net/ 4 https://star-tree.eu/ 5 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS DETAILED REPORT OF SELECTED NON-WOOD FOREST PRODUCT; PINE HONEY was prepared by the team of CFE consultants working in close collaboration with respective institutions and local stakeholders. The team is grateful for the contributions and support provided by the FAO under the LoA. The team also acknowledges the cooperation of the General Directorate of Forestry, particularly Department of Non-Wood Forest Products and Services (DNWFPS) staff that provided information and contributed with feedback to the draft report. Galip Çağtay Tufanoğlu, Deputy Head of DNWFPS Hasan Türkyılmaz, President,