Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2005 Junior Secondary School Students' Recognition of Kagisano/Social Harmony, the National Philosophy of Botswana Koketso Jeremiah Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF EDUCATION JUNIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL STUDENTS’ RECOGNITION OF KAGISANO/SOCIAL HARMONY, THE NATIONAL PHILOSOPHY OF BOTSWANA By KOKETSO JEREMIAH A Dissertation submitted to the Department of Middle and Secondary Education in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2005 Copyright © 2005 Koketso Jeremiah All Rights Reserved The members of the Committee approve the dissertation of Koketso Jeremiah defended on July 27, 2005. ________________________________________ John P. Lunstrum Professor Directing Dissertation ________________________________________ John H. Hansen Outside Committee Member ________________________________________ Robert Gutierrez Committee Member ________________________________________ Laurie E. S. Molina Committee Member Approved: ____________________________________________ Pamela S. Carroll, Interim Chairperson Department of Middle and Secondary Education The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii This dissertation is dedicated to all members of my family for their support during the good and difficult times. To them, I say thank you all, now, tomorrow and in the future. iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I would like to express my gratitude to Professor J.P. Lunstrum, my major professor, who assisted me throughout my doctoral studies at Florida State University. I thank him for his encouragement and contribution to my academic and professional growth in the field of Social Science Education. To him my gratitude is endless. I would like to thank Professor J. Hansen, my Outside Committee Member, and Committee Members Professor R. Gutierrez and Dr. Laurie E.S. Molina for their guidance and tireless efforts in training me to be a scholar in the field of Social Science Education. I would like to thank the Statistical Consulting Center of the Department of Statistics at Florida State University for their assistance in interpreting and presenting the data. I would like to thank Basenyang Mothibedi and Doctor Otukile for their assistance in grading the scripts and tabulating the data. I would like to thank all teachers who assisted me in collecting data and grading the scripts and all students who participated in the study. I would also like to thank the administrative staff of schools which participated in the study for granting me permission to collect data. Lastly, I thank all students from Botswana and my friends at Florida State University and from the Tallahassee community for their support and encouragement throughout my iv years of graduate studies at Florida State University. To all, I say “Pula!” (Let there be rain!). “NE MANGWANA!” (“LE KA MOSO!”) v TABLE OF CONTENTS List of Tables ................................................................................................................... viii List of Figures......................................................................................................................x Abstract ............................................................................................................................ .xi 1. INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................1 Botswana: Background Information ....................................................................3 Pluralism in Developing Countries (Third World) ..............................................4 The Government of Botswana .............................................................................6 The Economy of Botswana ..................................................................................8 The Philosophy of Kagisano ..............................................................................10 Analysis of Documents relevant to Kagisano ...................................................12 Statement of the Problem and the Research Question .......................................13 Learning of Abstract Concepts ..........................................................................15 Definition of Terms ............................................................................................17 Purpose of the Study ..........................................................................................19 Significance of the Study ...................................................................................20 National Examinations .......................................................................................21 2. REVIEW OF LITERATURE .....................................................................................23 Relationship between reviewed literature and the research problem .................32 3. METHODOLOGY .....................................................................................................35 The Sample ........................................................................................................35 Dependent variable ............................................................................................37 Independent variable ..........................................................................................37 Moderating or Intervening variables ..................................................................37 Procedures and Measures ...................................................................................37 4. DATA ANALYSIS......................................................................................................41 Summary of the Findings ...................................................................................42 vi 5. DISCUSSION OF FINDINGS ...................................................................................64 Interpretation of Results .....................................................................................64 Limitations of the Study......................................................................................66 Suggestions/Implications for further research ...................................................67 CONCLUSION .................................................................................................................67 RECOMMENDATIONS ..................................................................................................69 APPENDICES Appendix A: Questionnaire .........................................................................................71 Appendix B: Matrix .....................................................................................................74 Appendix C: Frequency distribution of scores for schools A, B, C, and D.................76 Appendix D: Approval for Use of Human Subjects ....................................................77 Appendix E: Informed Consent Form..........................................................................78 Appendix F: Parents Consent Form.............................................................................79 Appendix G: Youth Assent Form ................................................................................81 Appendix H: Kopo ya go Tlhotlhomisa Kitso (Informed Consent Form)...................82 Appendix I: Kopo ya go Tlhotlhomisa Kitso go Batsading ba Bana (Parents Consent Form) ......................................................................................83 Appendix J: Tumalano le Ngwana (Youth Assent Form) ...........................................85 REFERENCES ..................................................................................................................86 BIOGRAPHICAL SKETCH .............................................................................................89 vii LIST OF TABLES 1. Junior secondary school social studies curriculum modules .......................................14 2. Progression Rates, junior to secondary schools, Botswana, 2001 - 2004....................19 3. Distribution of research group students by ethnicity ...................................................36 4. Gender of research group students...............................................................................37 5. Analysis by School......................................................................................................43 6. Analysis by Ethnic Background/Group .......................................................................45 7. Analysis by Age Group................................................................................................45 8. Analysis by Gender......................................................................................................46 9. Summary of ANOVA results for Form 1, Form 2, and Form 3 students ....................46 10. Post Hoc Tests..............................................................................................................47 11. Descriptives of mean scores for students of schools A, B, C, and D according to ethnic group....................................................................................49 12. Minimum and maximum scores for students of schools A, B, C, and D according to ethnic group....................................................................................50