4 4 FACILITY REQUIREMENTS 4.1 INTRODUCTION This chapter assesses the facilities at Yakima Air Terminal/McAllister Field (YKM) and their ability to accommodate the activity levels developed in the Aviation Demand Forecasts. Capacity deficiencies are identified as are the actions needed to correct them. The first issue addressed is the ultimate configuration of the airfield followed by an analysis of the passenger terminal, air cargo facilities, aircraft hangar and apron areas, Fixed Base Operator (FBO) facilities, access and vehicle parking, utilities, and aviation support facilities. Table 4-1 summarizes the conclusions from this chapter. Table 4-1: Existing Facilities Assessment & Recommendations Actual Conclusions Airfield System The wind coverage and capacity needs at YKM are met by a single runway. Runway 9/27, at 7,604 feet, does not provide the take-off length for the future design aircraft. Based on upgraded runway length analysis, a future runway length of 7,800 feet is recommended based on the forecast critical aircraft. Maintaining Runway 4/22 at a future length of 4,000 feet is recommended due to a variety of operational factors described in this narrative. Passenger Terminal The 2015 Airport Master Plan recommended expanding the existing passenger terminal building to meet future needs. If full expansion is deferred, terminal layout and maintenance issues may require action to be taken sooner to maintain an acceptable level of service. Automobile Parking The current public parking lot is adequate to meet current needs. Parking lot expansion is recommended if airline frequency increases. The overflow parking lot should be maintained for peak travel seasons and charter flights. It is also recommended that the rent-a-car ready/return and rental car parking area be expanded prior to this time. Air Cargo Although air cargo is forecast to continue to consist of feeder service using the C208, ATR-42, ATR-72, Beechcraft 1900, and E120 aircraft, additional space will need to be provided in the future, either by remarking existing pavement or by constructing new. Based Aircraft Hangar With the growth in based aircraft that has been forecast, as well as the existing Storage unmet demand for hangar space, additional area for hangar development will need to be made available for future development. FBO and support Expanded FBO facilities are required to provide support for the general aviation facility expansion community. These facilities will provide not only aircraft maintenance hangars, but Yakima Air Terminal/McAllister Field Master Plan Page | 4-1 Chapter 4 ♦ Facility Requirements Actual Conclusions also pilot lounge areas, area for fueling aircraft, and sufficient space for transient aircraft parking. Fueling The current system is adequate, assuming the private sector continues to upgrade their facilities and improve delivery as needed. Snow Removal Expand the existing facility to provide sufficient parking for the airports current Equipment & number of snow removal equipment. Or relocate the maintenance facility to another Maintenance Building site that better suits the needs of the airport. Air Traffic Control To remedy the line of sight concerns, it is recommended that FAA increase the Tower height of the tower to improve visibility for the Air Traffic Controllers. 4.2 AIRFIELD REQUIREMENTS There are two active runways at YKM: the primary Runway 9/27 and secondary Runway 4/22. Runway 9/27 is 7,604 feet long and 150 feet wide. Runway 4/22 is 3,835 feet long by 150 feet wide. Both runways have parallel taxiway systems, with Taxiway A serving Runway 9/27 and Taxiway B serving Runway 4/22. Taxiway A was reconstructed in 2016 at a width of 64 feet, with an FAA-approved Modification of Standards (MOS)1; Taxiway B is 75 feet wide. Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) Advisory Circular (AC) 150/5300-13A, Airport Design (Change 1), requires that the future classification of the airport be used as the basis for airfield design. Based on the 2019 forecast update, the current critical aircraft at YKM was determined to be the Bombardier Q400 (Q400) and the future critical aircraft will be the Embraer 175 (E175). These aircraft have an Airport Reference Code (ARC) of C-III. As noted in the updated forecasts, Runway 4/22 serves a variety of single- and multi-engine piston and turboprop aircraft. Based on existing and forecast activity, ARC B-II is recommended for Runway 4/22. 4.2.1 Runway 9/27 Facility Requirements This section documents the Runway 9/27 facility requirements for current and forecast YKM user demands and the corresponding Runway Design Code (RDC) C-III critical aircraft design standards. Runway 9/27 is 7,604’ x 150’ and a precision instrument runway that accommodates commercial transport category turbine aircraft, large and small piston and turbine aircraft, and large turbine military aircraft. 1 FAA MOS, Date 10/8/2013 Yakima Air Terminal/McAllister Field Master Plan 4-2 | Page Facility Requirements ♦ Chapter 4 4.2.2 Runway 9/27 Length Requirements The required length of a runway at an airport is calculated based on the types of aircraft regularly using it. In 2018, YKM received 39,444 aircraft operations, with 7,422 of those being commercial activities (including 4,885 ARC C-III operations). As noted earlier, the current and future critical aircraft at YKM are the Q400 and the E175. Alaska Airlines long-term fleet transition plan includes reducing or phasing out the Q400 currently used on its shorter routes, to be replaced with the E175. In mid-2019, Alaska had 34 Q400s and 60 E175s in their fleet, in addition to 166 Boeing 737 aircraft. In addition, YKM accommodates a variety of non-scheduled flights involving ARC C-III aircraft (typically B737, MD80), including casino charters, federal Immigration and Customs Enforcement (ICE) contract transport, and Boeing manufacturing test flights. YKM also serves as a primary diversion airport for Seattle-Tacoma International Airport (SEA) during periods of inclement weather or severe traffic congestion. Table 4-2 lists the representative group of critical aircraft using YKM today or forecast to use the airport in the future, with the corresponding runway take-off length requirements provided for each aircraft. The runway lengths assume an airport elevation of 1,099 feet MSL, a mean maximum temperature of 88 degrees Fahrenheit, and maximum gross takeoff weight for each aircraft. The runway lengths required for take-off at YKM vary from 6,200 feet for the Q400 to 9,000 feet for the MD-83. Yakima Air Terminal/McAllister Field Master Plan Page | 4-3 Chapter 4 ♦ Facility Requirements Table 4-2: Existing and Future Critical Aircraft Use Airport and Runway Data Airport elevation (mean sea level) 1,099 feet Mean daily maximum temperature of the hottest month 88°F Maximum difference in runway centerline elevation 49.8 feet Length of haul for airplanes of more than 60,000 pounds 1,500 miles Required Take-off Maximum Takeoff Weight FAA Class Aircraft Type Runway Length (Feet) (Pounds) Jets C-III Embraer 170/175 7,800 82,673 C-III Boeing 737 – 300 8,000 139,500 D-III Boeing 737 – 800 8,847 174,200 C-III McDonald Douglas 83 9,000 160,000 Turboprop C-III Bombardier Q400 6,200 65,200 Bombardier Q400 – Airport Planning Manual (ISA + 15°c) Embraer 175 – Airport Planning Manual (ISA + 15°c) Source Boeing 737 – Airport Planning Manual (Std + 15°c) McDonald Douglas 83 – Airport Planning Manual (Std + 15°c) Yakima Air Terminal/McAllister Field Master Plan 4-4 | Page Facility Requirements ♦ Chapter 4 Table 4-3: Future Critical Aircraft (E175) Length Calculator Length Recommendation: The recommended runway length is 7,800 feet based on the future critical aircraft (E175) as identified in Table 4-3. However, a runway length reserve of 8,847 feet is planned, based on the mix of large transport category jets (greater than 150,000 pounds) operating at YKM. In addition to the relatively high mean maximum temperature (88 degrees F), preserving the additional runway length will provide maximum development flexibility for the airport. As with any runway extension, an updated analysis of design aircraft activity will be required by FAA prior to design/construction in order to provide adequate justification for FAA funding. Existing Condition: 7,604 Feet Planning Standard/Analysis: 7,604± to 7,800 Feet Future Runway 9/27 Facility Recommendation: 7,800 Feet 4.2.3 Runway 9/27 Width Requirements Runway 9/27 is 150 feet wide, previously constructed to meet RDC C-III standards for large aircraft traffic. Runway 9/27 is planned to remain a precision instrument runway. Width Recommendation: Maintain the existing width of 150 feet. Existing Condition: 150 Feet Planning Standard (RDC C-III, Large Aircraft): 150 Feet Facility Recommendation (RDC C-III, Large Aircraft): 150 Feet Yakima Air Terminal/McAllister Field Master Plan Page | 4-5 Chapter 4 ♦ Facility Requirements 4.2.4 Runway 9/27 Design Standards The airfield at YKM is classified as ARC C-III. C-III is also the design classification for Runway 9/27. The information contained in Table 4-4 shows the standards for this category compared with the current layout features of the airport. Table 4-4: Existing Conditions vs. C-III Design Criteria (Runway 9/27) Design Feature Existing (ft.) Standard (ft.) Difference Runway: Width 150 150 Meets Standard Runway Shoulder Width 10 25 -15 feet Runway Blast Pad Width 160 200 -40 feet Runway Blast Pad Length 200 200 Meets Standard Runway Safety Area (RSA) Width 500 500 Meets Standard Safety Area Length (beyond runway