This document downloaded from vulcanhammer.net vulcanhammer.info Chet Aero Marine Don’t forget to visit our companion site http://www.vulcanhammer.org Use subject to the terms and conditions of the respective websites. Design, Analysis, and Testing of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations that Support Transportation Facilities FHWA GEC 009 April 2018 Sponsored by Federal Highway Administration Office of Infrastructure FHWA-HIF-18-031 {cover back blank} Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient’s Catalog No. FHWA-HIF-18-031 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date Geotechnical Engineering Circular: Design, Analysis, and Testing of April 2018 Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations that Support Transportation Facilities 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Principal Investigator(s): 8. Performing Organization Report James Parkes, P.E., Raymond Castelli, P.E., Brian Zelenko, P.E., Robert O’Connor, P.E., Matteo Montesi, P.E, and Elizabeth Godfrey, P.E. 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) WSP USA, Inc. 1015 Half Street, SE, Suite 650 11. Contract or Grant No. Washington, DC 20003 DTFH6114D00047-5012 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Federal Highway Administration Office of Bridge Technology 1200 New Jersey Avenue, SE 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Washington, DC 20005 15. Supplementary Notes FHWA COR - Silas Nichols FHWA Task Order Manager - Khalid Mohamed 16. Abstract This Geotechnical Engineering Circular (GEC) is intended to provide recommended guidance for the LRFD design, analysis, and testing of laterally loaded deep foundations for transportation facilities. This document applies to deep foundation elements such as driven piles, drilled shafts, micropiles, and continuous flight auger (CFA) piles that are used to resist lateral loads, often in combination with axial loads, for new construction, rehabilitation, or reconstruction of transportation facilities. Applications include both single and groups of deep foundation elements for bridge foundations, excavation support, earth retention structures, noise walls, sign and signal foundations, landslide repairs, vessel or vehicle impact mitigation measures, and seismic event resistance. The objective of this document is to provide a single reference source for the state-of-the-practice with regard to recommended methodologies and guidance for the design, analysis, and testing of laterally loaded deep foundations for transportation facilities. 17. Key Works 18. Distribution Statement Deep Foundations, Lateral Load, Lateral Resistance, Structural Design, LRFD, p-y No restrictions. Method, Lateral Load Test, Drilled Shaft, Driven Pile. 19. Security Classif. (of 20. Security Classif. (of 21. No. of Pages 22. Price this report) this page) UNCLASSIFIED UNCLASSIFIED 296 Form DOT F 1700.7(8-72) Reproduction of completed page authorized FOREWORD The Geotechnical Engineering Circular (GEC) Design, Analysis, and Testing of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations that Support Transportation Facilities provides recommended guidance for the design, analysis, and testing of laterally loaded deep foundations for transportation facilities in accordance with the Load and Resistance Factor Design (LRFD) platform. The intended audience for this document includes geotechnical, structural, and highway design and construction specialists involved with the selection, design, analysis and testing of laterally loaded deep foundations. Note - The Federal Highway Administration is the source for all images not otherwise credited in this report. Notice This document is disseminated under the sponsorship of the U.S. Department of Transportation in the interest of information exchange. The U.S. Government assumes no liability for the use of the information contained in this document. The U.S. Government does not endorse products or manufacturers. Trademarks or manufacturers’ names appear in this report only because they are considered essential to the objective of the document. Quality Assurance Statement The Federal Highway Administration (FHWA) provides high-quality information to serve Government, industry, and the public in a manner that promotes public understanding. Standards and policies are used to ensure and maximize the quality, objectivity, utility, and integrity of its information. FHWA periodically reviews quality issues and adjusts its programs and processes to ensure continuous quality improvement. TABLE OF CONTENTS 1 INTRODUCTION AND OVERVIEW ....................................................................... 1 1.1 Purpose............................................................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Background and History of Analysis of Laterally Loaded Deep Foundations .................................... 1 1.3 Literature Review ................................................................................................................................ 3 1.4 Organization of Manual....................................................................................................................... 3 2 LATERAL LOAD APPLICATIONS AND SELECTION OF DEEP FOUNDATION TYPE FOR TRANSPORTATION PROJECTS ....................................................... 6 2.1 Lateral Load Applications for Transportation Projects ........................................................................ 6 2.1.1 Typical Lateral Load Applications for Vertical Deep Foundations .............................................. 6 2.1.2 Batter Piles for Lateral Load Applications ................................................................................. 13 2.2 Types of Deep Foundations Addressed in this Manual .................................................................... 14 2.3 Selection of Deep Foundation Types for Resistance of Lateral Loads ............................................ 15 2.3.1 Subsurface Conditions and Geomaterial Properties ................................................................ 15 2.3.2 Properties of Deep Foundation Elements ................................................................................. 16 2.3.3 Constructability Considerations ................................................................................................ 16 2.3.4 Cost Effectiveness .................................................................................................................... 18 2.3.5 Redundancy of the Foundation System .................................................................................... 18 2.4 Exclusions ......................................................................................................................................... 19 3 GEOTECHNICAL SITE CHARACTERIZATION FOR DESIGN OF LATERALLY LOADED DEEP FOUNDATIONS ......................................................................... 20 3.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 20 3.2 Geotechnical Design Parameters ..................................................................................................... 20 3.2.1 Soil Geotechnical Design Parameters ...................................................................................... 20 3.2.2 Rock Geotechnical Design Parameters .................................................................................... 21 3.3 Subsurface Exploration..................................................................................................................... 22 3.3.1 Subsurface Exploration Program Requirements ...................................................................... 22 3.3.2 Subsurface Exploration Techniques ......................................................................................... 23 3.3.3 Considerations for Subsurface Explorations when Lateral Loads are Significant .................... 25 3.3.4 Laboratory Testing .................................................................................................................... 26 3.3.5 Groundwater Conditions ........................................................................................................... 27 4 LRFD DESIGN REQUIREMENTS AND LIMIT STATES FOR LATERALLY LOADED DEEP FOUNDATIONS ......................................................................... 28 4.1 Introduction ....................................................................................................................................... 28 4.2 Load Combinations And Load Factors ............................................................................................. 28 4.3 Strength Limit State for Laterally Loaded Foundations .................................................................... 32 i 4.4 Service Limit State for Lateral Displacements .................................................................................. 33 4.5 Extreme Event Limit State ................................................................................................................ 35 4.6 Considerations for Limit Equilibrium Applications ............................................................................ 35 5 DESIGN PROCESS AND TEAM ROLES FOR ANALYSIS OF LATERALLY LOADED DEEP FOUNDATIONS ......................................................................... 36 5.1 Design Process ................................................................................................................................