PHA | Contingency Plan – Zebra chip complex INDUSTRY BIOSECURITY PLAN FOR THE POTATO INDUSTRY Threat Specific Contingency Plan Zebra chip complex Specific components detailed in this plan: Psyllid vector – Bactericera cockerelli Pathogen - Candidatus Liberibacter solanacearum (syn. Ca. L. psyllaurous) Plant Health Australia The contents of this contingency plan is current as of November 2011 1 PHA | Contingency Plan – Zebra chip complex Disclaimer The scientific and technical content of this document is current to the date published and all efforts have been made to obtain relevant and published information on the pest. New information will be included as it becomes available, or when the document is reviewed. The material contained in this publication is produced for general information only. It is not intended as professional advice on any particular matter. No person should act or fail to act on the basis of any material contained in this publication without first obtaining specific, independent professional advice. Plant Health Australia and all persons acting for Plant Health Australia in preparing this publication, expressly disclaim all and any liability to any persons in respect of anything done by any such person in reliance, whether in whole or in part, on this publication. The views expressed in this publication are not necessarily those of Plant Health Australia. Further information For further information regarding this contingency plan, contact Plant Health Australia through the details below. Address: Suite 1, 1 Phipps Close DEAKIN ACT 2600 Phone: +61 2 6215 7700 Fax: +61 2 6260 4321 Email: [email protected] Website: www.planthealthaustralia.com.au 2 PHA | Contingency Plan – Zebra chip complex 1 Purpose and background of this contingency plan ............................................................ 6 2 Australian potato industry ...................................................................................................... 6 2.1 Notification process for the reporting of suspect pests ..................................................... 7 3 Eradication or containment decision matrix ........................................................................ 8 4 Pest information/status – Zebra chip complex .................................................................... 9 4.1 Pest details ....................................................................................................................... 9 5 Pest information/status – Tomato-potato psyllid ............................................................... 10 5.1 Pest details ..................................................................................................................... 10 5.1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 10 5.1.2 Life cycle .................................................................................................................. 11 5.1.3 Dispersal .................................................................................................................. 12 5.2 Affected hosts of B. cockerelli......................................................................................... 12 5.2.1 Host range ................................................................................................................ 12 5.2.2 Current geographic distribution ................................................................................ 13 5.2.3 Symptoms ................................................................................................................ 13 5.3 Diagnostic information .................................................................................................... 15 5.4 Psyllid transmission ........................................................................................................ 16 6 Pest information/status – Zebra chip .................................................................................. 17 6.1 Pest details ..................................................................................................................... 17 6.1.1 Background .............................................................................................................. 17 6.2 Affected hosts of Ca. Liberibacter solanacearum ........................................................... 23 6.2.1 Host range ................................................................................................................ 23 6.2.2 Current geographic distribution ................................................................................ 23 6.3 Diagnostic information .................................................................................................... 26 6.3.1 Methodology ............................................................................................................. 26 6.3.2 Sample selection ...................................................................................................... 26 7 Risk assessments for pathways and potential impacts .................................................... 27 7.1 Tomato-potato psyllid pathway ....................................................................................... 27 7.1.1 Entry potential .......................................................................................................... 28 7.1.2 Establishment potential ............................................................................................ 28 7.1.3 Spread potential ....................................................................................................... 28 7.1.4 Economic impact ...................................................................................................... 29 7.2 Other pathways ............................................................................................................... 29 7.2.1 Fresh fruit ................................................................................................................. 29 7.2.2 Potato tubers ............................................................................................................ 29 7.2.3 Nursery stock ........................................................................................................... 30 3 PHA | Contingency Plan – Zebra chip complex 7.2.4 Natural wind pathway (from New Zealand) .............................................................. 30 8 Pest management .................................................................................................................. 31 8.1 Response checklist ......................................................................................................... 31 8.2 Surveys and epidemiology studies ................................................................................. 31 8.2.1 Technical information for planning surveys .............................................................. 32 8.2.2 Surveys for early detection of an incursion in a nursery and outdoors .................... 32 8.2.3 Delimiting surveys in the event of an incursion ........................................................ 34 8.2.4 Collection and treatment of Tomato-potato psyllid samples .................................... 35 8.2.5 Epidemiological study .............................................................................................. 37 8.2.6 Models of spread potential ....................................................................................... 37 8.2.7 Pest Free Area guidelines ........................................................................................ 37 8.3 Availability of control methods ........................................................................................ 39 8.3.1 General procedures for control ................................................................................ 39 8.3.2 Pest free (clean) seedlings ....................................................................................... 40 8.3.3 Cultural practices...................................................................................................... 40 8.3.4 Weed management .................................................................................................. 40 8.3.5 Insect Pest Management (IPM) strategy .................................................................. 40 8.3.6 Chemical options ...................................................................................................... 41 9 Course of action .................................................................................................................... 49 9.1 Destruction strategy ........................................................................................................ 49 9.1.1 Destruction protocols ............................................................................................... 49 9.1.2 Decontamination protocols ....................................................................................... 49 9.1.3 Priorities ................................................................................................................... 50 9.1.4 Plants, by-products and waste processing .............................................................. 50 9.1.5 Disposal issues ........................................................................................................ 50 9.2 Containment strategies ..................................................................................................