Painted by Titian 1551 PHILIP II KING OF SPAIN “ THE PRUDENT” Signature CONTENT AND LANGUAGE INTEGRATED LEARNING UNIT (UNIDAD DIDÁCTICA CLIL) 2017/18 HISTORY lrs Lourdes Ruiz Juana of Castile Philip “The Handsome” Maria of Aragon. Manuel I of Portugal 3rd DAUGTHER OF of Austria 4TH DAUGTHER OF Isabel and Ferdinand Isabel and Ferdinand Charles I of Spain Isabella of Portugal nd Born: 21 May 1527 1st wife 2 wife 3rd wife 4th wife Died: 13 September 1598 Maria Manuela Mary I of England Elizabeth Anna of Austria Philip II of Spain of Portugal “Bloody Mary” of Valois Spain, the Netherlands, Italian Territories & The Spanish Empire lrs 1527: Philip II of Spain was born in Palacio de Pimentel, Valladolid, which was the capital of the Spanish empire. In June 1561, Philip moved his court to Madrid making it the new capital city. Philip was a studious young boy, he learnt Spanish, Portuguese and Latin. 'The Baptism of Philip II' in Valladolid. He enjoyed hunting and sports as well as music. Historical ceiling preserved in Palacio de Pimentel (Valladolid) Also, he was trained in warfare by the . court [kɔːt] N corte Duke of Alba hunting [ˈhʌntɪŋ] N caza, cacería lrs warfare [ˈwɔːfɛər] N guerra, artes militares Look at this map. In 1554-55, Philip’s father, Charles I of Spain and Holy Roman Emperor abdicated in favour of his son Philip and his brother Ferdinand. Charles left all the territories in ORANGE to his son. After different battles and expeditions, Philip’s Empire would include all the territories in GREEN. That is, he took control of Portugal and its colonies in America, Africa and Asia. So he was the most powerful ruler in Spanish history and the ruler of the first most important European empire of the modern age. powerful [ˈpaʊəfʊl] ADJ poderoso ruler [ˈruːlər] N gobernante, soberano modern age N edad moderna lrs Difficulties in Spain 1.- MONEY, MONEY, MONEY 2.- THE REVOLT OF THE MORISCOS lrs 1.- MONEY, MONEY, MONEY It is true that big amounts of silver and riches came from America, but Philip's warlike policies were too expensive. There was never enough money!! Four times—in 1557, 1560, 1575, and 1596—he suspended payments and renegotiated terms with his bankers but eventually these FINANCIAL DIFFICULTIES would lead to the eclipse of Spanish power in Europe. 2.- THE REVOLT OF THE MORISCOS Philip II also fought against the problem of the Morisco population in Spain, who were forced to convert to Christianity by his predecessors. In 1569, the Morisco Revolt started in Granada because Philip tried to suppress Moorish customs. Don Juan de Austria (1547–1578), Philip's illegitimate half-brother, led the expulsion of the Moriscos from Granada and their dispersal to other provinces. warlike [ˈwɔːlaɪk] ADJ bélico policy [ˈpɒlɪsɪ] N política Suppress [səˈpres] VT suprimir lrs lead [liːd] (vb: pt, pp led) llevar, conducir custom [ˈkʌstəm] N costumbre Rebellion of the Alpujarras or The Morisco Revolt – Second revolt against Castile Date: 24 December 1568 – March 1571 Location: The Alpujarras, Kingdom of Granada, Crown of Castile Issue: Mass expulsion of most Muslims in Granada to Castile. Resettlement of Granada with Catholic settlers. “LA MANO DE FATIMA” This novel by Ildefonso Falcones tells the story of this historical event under the rule of Philip II. PLOT: Hernando is a Morisco, or Moor, who was forced to convert to Christianity after the Reconquest of Granada. In 1569, after years of Christian oppression, the Moors of Granada take revenge against their masters. lrs The Mediterranean Sea 1.- THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Suleiman lrs face [feɪs] V enfrentarse a threat [θret] N amenaza holy [ˈhəʊlɪ] ADJ sagrado, santo assemble [əˈsembl] V reunir 1.- THE OTTOMAN EMPIRE: Suleiman defeat [dɪˈfiːt] N derrota In the first decade of his reign, Philip's government faced threats in the Mediterranean from the naval forces of the Ottoman sultan Suleiman the Magnificent (ruled 1520–1566) and his North African clients. In 1560, Philip II organised the Holy League between Spain and several Italian Republics. They assembled at Messina, Sicily. But they suffered a terrible defeat at They sent 200 ships. the Battle of Djerba: Only 140 returned They sent 30000 soldiers. 20000 men died!! lrs However in 1571, after many defeats, the Holy League, commanded by Don Juan de Austria, destroyed nearly the entire Ottoman fleet at the Battle of Lepanto, finishing the grave threat of the increasing Ottoman domination of the Mediterranean. This battle is considered the greatest victory of Philip's reign. Painted by Titian; after the Battle of Lepanto in 1571, Philip offers his short-lived heir Fernando to Glory in this allegory. nearly[ˈnɪəlɪ] ADV casi fleet [fliːt] N flota The Battle of Lepanto by Andries van Eertvelt (1640). lrs Most Tercios were given names according to the place where they were deployed: for example Tercio de Sicilia. Some other Tercios were named after their commanding officer, like the Tercio de Moncada . The most famous soldier in Tercio de Moncada was Miguel de Cervantes. He fought in the Battle of Lepanto and, unfortunately, he lost his left hand. deploy [dɪˈplɔɪ] V desplegar fight [faɪt] (vb: pt, pp fought) pelear unfortunately [ʌnˈfɔːtʃnɪtlɪ] ADV por desgracia lrs Miguel de Cervantes 1547(?)/ 23 April 1616 He is widely regarded as the greatest writer in the Spanish language and one of the world’s greatest novelists. La Galatea (1585) was his first book. They are pastoral characters who struggle with love. He is widely regarded as ... es considerado por la mayoría como character [ˈkærɪktər] N personaje struggle with se enfrentan a lrs European conflicts 1.- FRANCE 2.- ENGLAND 3.- THE NETHERLANDS lrs 1.- FRANCE – The French Wars of Religion (1562–98) were fought between French Catholics and Protestants (Huguenots). Much of the conflict took place during the regency of Queen Catherine de' Medici, widow of Henry II of France. Philip II financed the Catholic League during the French Wars of Religion. The Protestant heir to the French throne, converted to Catholicism and was crowned Henry IV of France, so France would remain Catholic – this was extremely important for the devoutly Catholic Spanish king. The St. Bartholomew's Day massacre in 1572. Thousands of Huguenots (French Calvinist widow [ˈwɪdəʊ] N viuda Protestants) were killed by Catholics. heir [ɛər] N heredero crown [kraʊn] V coronar remain[rɪˈmeɪn] V seguir, continuar lrs 2.- ENGLAND – Philip could not read English so needed everything translated into Latin or Spanish. Philip II’s second wife was Queen Mary I of England & Ireland. They got married in 1554. So he was also King of England and Ireland for 4 years. Mary died in 1558, they had no children and Catholicism in England was not strong. Elizabeth I, Mary’s half-sister, became Queen of England. Philip maintained peace with England for years. - Elizabeth I allied England with the Protestant rebels in the Netherlands. - the Catholic Mary Stuart Queen of Scotland (ruled 1542–1567) was executed. - Francis Drake, English explorer involved in piracy and illicit slave trading, raided the get married [get ˈmærɪd] V casarse half-sister [ˈhɑːfˌsɪstər] N hermanastra Iberian ports in 1587. ally[əˈlaɪ] V aliarse con Involved [ɪnˈvɒlvd] ADJ involucrado lrs slave trading n tráfico de esclavos raid [reɪd] V asaltar Philip decided to invade England and return the country to Catholicism. In 1588, he sent The Spanish Armada (La Grande y Felicísima Armada) to invade England A fleet of 130 ships , under the command of the Duke of Medina Sidonia. 1. to overthrow Queen Elizabeth I and Protestantism in England. 2. to stop English interference in the Spanish Netherlands. 3. to stop English and Dutch attacks on Spanish cargoes. The expedition was a catastrophe. The Spanish were forced into a retreat, and the majority of the fleet [fliːt] N flota overthrow [ˌəʊvəˈθrəʊ] V derrocar Armada was destroyed by the bad weather. cargo [ˈkɑːgəʊ] N cargamento, carga lrs retreat [rɪˈtriːt] retirada 3.- THE NETHERLANDS People in the Netherlands were unhappy because Philip demanded high taxes and prosecuted the Protestants. William of Orange had been a favourite of Philip’s father, Charles V but he became the main leader of the Dutch revolt against Spain and the Eighty Years' War began in 1568. In 1584, William of Orange was assassinated after Philip had offered a reward of 25,000 crowns to anyone who killed him. Philip II of Spain berating William of Orange The Dutch Republic was recognised by Spain as independent in 1648. The war was over. reward[rɪˈwɔːd]AN recompense lrs be over – haber terminado Library Philip II died at the age of 71 (1598) in El Escorial. Palace Basilica, altar El Escorial is both a Palace and a Monastery that he financed and thought with the architects Juan Bautista de Toledo and Juan de Herrera. The construction of this Palace took more than 20 years (1563-1684). It has been the burial site for most of the Spanish kings of the last five centuries. both [bəʊθ] … and … ADV a la vez burial site n lugar de sepultura lrs 3.- first trans-Pacific trade route 1.- gold and silver from the American mines 2.- Portuguese spice trade between America and Asia 5.- Tried to defeat Protestantism 4.- Ended the major threat posed to 6.- Secured the Portuguese kingdom and empire Europe by the Ottoman navy 7.- Consolidated Spain's overseaslrs empire ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS https://pixabay.com/es/beb%C3%A9-ave-entrega-mujeres-ni%C3%B1a-1299514/ https://pixabay.com/es/ave-rama-paloma-vuelo-oliva-157558/ https://pixabay.com/es/explosi%C3%B3n-batalla-estrellas-fuego-145687/