World Braille Usage Third Edition Perkins International Council on English Braille National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped Library of Congress UNESCO Washington, D.C. 2013 Published by Perkins 175 North Beacon Street Watertown, MA, 02472, USA International Council on English Braille c/o CNIB 1929 Bayview Avenue Toronto, Ontario Canada M4G 3E8 and National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, Washington, D.C., USA Copyright © 1954, 1990 by UNESCO. Used by permission 2013. Printed in the United States by the National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped, Library of Congress, 2013 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data World braille usage. — Third edition. page cm Includes index. ISBN 978-0-8444-9564-4 1. Braille. 2. Blind—Printing and writing systems. I. Perkins School for the Blind. II. International Council on English Braille. III. Library of Congress. National Library Service for the Blind and Physically Handicapped. HV1669.W67 2013 411--dc23 2013013833 Contents Foreword to the Third Edition .................................................................................................. viii Acknowledgements .................................................................................................................... x The International Phonetic Alphabet .......................................................................................... xi References ............................................................................................................................. xi IPA Braille Charts (IPA Revised to 2005) .............................................................................. xii Introduction to Country Listings ............................................................................................... xvi Braille Usage by Country ........................................................................................................... 1 Albania ................................................................................................................................... 1 Algeria .................................................................................................................................... 1 Andorra .................................................................................................................................. 1 Antigua and Barbuda ............................................................................................................. 2 Argentina ................................................................................................................................ 2 Armenia .................................................................................................................................. 3 Australia ................................................................................................................................. 5 Austria .................................................................................................................................... 6 Azerbaijan .............................................................................................................................. 7 Bahamas ................................................................................................................................ 8 Bahrain, Kingdom of............................................................................................................... 8 Bangladesh ............................................................................................................................ 9 Barbados .............................................................................................................................. 11 Belarus ................................................................................................................................. 12 Belgium ................................................................................................................................ 13 Bhutan .................................................................................................................................. 14 Bolivia .................................................................................................................................. 16 Bosnia and Herzegovina ...................................................................................................... 16 Brazil .................................................................................................................................... 17 Bulgaria ................................................................................................................................ 18 Cambodia ............................................................................................................................. 19 Cameroon ............................................................................................................................ 22 Canada ................................................................................................................................ 22 Chile ..................................................................................................................................... 23 China .................................................................................................................................... 24 Colombia .............................................................................................................................. 24 Congo, Democratic Republic of the ..................................................................................... 25 Costa Rica ........................................................................................................................... 25 Croatia ................................................................................................................................. 26 iii Cuba .................................................................................................................................... 28 Cyprus .................................................................................................................................. 28 Czech Republic .................................................................................................................... 29 Denmark .............................................................................................................................. 30 Dominica .............................................................................................................................. 33 Dominican Republic ............................................................................................................. 33 Ecuador ................................................................................................................................ 34 Egypt .................................................................................................................................... 34 El Salvador ........................................................................................................................... 35 Estonia ................................................................................................................................. 36 Ethiopia ................................................................................................................................ 37 Finland ................................................................................................................................. 42 France .................................................................................................................................. 43 Gambia ................................................................................................................................ 44 Georgia ................................................................................................................................ 45 Germany .............................................................................................................................. 46 Ghana .................................................................................................................................. 47 Greece ................................................................................................................................. 48 Grenada ............................................................................................................................... 49 Guatemala ........................................................................................................................... 49 Haiti ...................................................................................................................................... 50 Honduras ............................................................................................................................. 51 Hong Kong ........................................................................................................................... 52 Hungary ............................................................................................................................... 52 Iceland ................................................................................................................................. 53 India ....................................................................................................................................