Ferrara 7-couv 12/01/04 17:38 Page 1 7 World Heritage papers7 World Heritage papers Cultural Landscapes: Cultural Landscapes: the Challenges of Conservation of Challenges the Landscapes: Cultural the Challenges of Conservation World Heritage 2002 Shared Legacy, Common Responsibility Associated Workshops 11-12 November 2002 Ferrara - Italy For more information contact: paper; printed on chlorine free Cover paper interior printed on recycled RectoVerso Design by UNESCO World Heritage Centre papers 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Tel : 33 (0)1 45 68 15 71 Fax : 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 E-mail : [email protected] orld Heritage W http://whc.unesco.org/venice2002 photo:Cover Delta © Studio B&G Po Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 1 Cultural Landscapes: the Challenges of Conservation World Heritage 2002 Shared Legacy, Common Responsibility Associated Workshops 11-12 November 2002 Ferrara - Italy Hosted by the Province of Ferrara and the City of Ferrara Organized by the University of Ferrara and UNESCO’s World Heritage Centre in collaboration with ICCROM, ICOMOS and IUCN With the support of the Nordic World Heritage Foundation (NWHF) and the Dutch Ministry of Education, Culture and Sciences (OCenW) Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 2 Disclaimer The authors are responsible for the choice and presentation of the facts contained in this publication and for the opinions therein, which are not necessarily those of UNESCO and do not commit the Organization. The designation employed and the presentation of the material throughout this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion whatsoever on the part of UNESCO concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning the delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Published in 2003 by UNESCO World Heritage Centre 7, place de Fontenoy 75352 Paris 07 SP France Tel : 33 (0)1 45 68 15 71 Fax : 33 (0)1 45 68 55 70 E-mail : [email protected] http://whc.unesco.org/venice2002 Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 3 Preface To mark the 30th anniversary of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage, UNESCO with the support of the Government of Italy, organized, from 14 to 16 November 2002, an International Congress to reflect on some of the main issues, achievements and challenges of the World Heritage mission. Over 600 experts from around the world gathered at the Giorgio Cini Foundation on the island of San Giorgio in Venice, Italy, to discuss the evolution of the World Heritage Convention and consider its role for the future. In addition, some 400 experts gathered immediately prior to the Congress at nine associated workshops in different Italian cities to reflect on the major themes of the Congress. The nine workshops were: • The Legal Tools for World Heritage Conservation, Siena • Cultural Landscapes: the Challenges of Conservation, Ferrara • Towards Innovative Partnerships for World Heritage, Venice • Partnerships for World Heritage Cities, Urbino-Pesaro • Monitoring World Heritage, Vicenza • Partnerships to Conserve Nature and Biodiversity, Trieste • World Heritage University Training, Feltre • World Heritage Site Management, Padua • Mobilizing Youth for World Heritage, Treviso This publication aims to reflect the discussions and debates around the specific themes as they were discussed over the two days of the workshop. The summary reports of each workshop are also available in the Congress proceedings publication. Francesco Bandarin Director UNESCO World Heritage Centre 3 Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 4 Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 5 Prelude Cultural Landscapes became one of the hot topics during the past years of World Heritage work and beyond. They represent the combined works of man and nature. Moreover they are the places of peoples’ livelihoods, identities and belief systems all over the world. The Ferrara workshop Cultural Landscapes : the Challenges of Conservation brought all those themes together and much more. Experts from around the world had the opportunity to talk about key cultural landscape issues likely to direct overall strategies for the next ten years. They not only celebrated the con- cept, but also reviewed the implementation and the everyday management challenges of these complex sites. Cultural landscapes have been rendered more biologically diverse through human intervention over centuries. They are the foundations of food production systems and living gene banks for the food crops of tomorrow. These areas are home to local populations and indigenous groups, and are rich in cultural diversity and intangible values, to be conserved as a whole for a sustainable future. The workshop was organized jointly by the City and the Province of Ferrara, in a collaborative effort of the University of Ferrara and the UNESCO World Heritage Centre to celebrate the 30th anniversary of the Convention Concerning the Protection of the World Cultural and Natural Heritage. The strong commit- ment of the authorities to cultural landscape conservation can be seen with the establishment of the Ferrara Centre for Cultural Landscapes at the occasion of the workshop. This publication brings together the papers and discussions of the workshop. The conclusions and the summary report are presented in English and French. We hope these will be well received by a broad audi- ence and will provide a sound basis for future actions by stakeholders in all regions on earth. Paolo Ceccarelli and Mechtild Rössler 5 Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 6 Table of Contents Preface Francesco Bandarin Page 3 Prelude Paolo Ceccarelli and Mechtild Rössler Page 5 Taking Stock Ten Years After: Cultural Landscapes in the Framework of The World Heritage Convention Linking Nature and Culture: World Heritage Cultural Landscapes Page 10 Mechtild Rössler World Heritage Cultural Landscapes, 1992-2002: a Review and Prospect Page 16 Peter Fowler Training Challenges in the Management of Heritage Territories and Landscapes Page 33 Katri Lisitzin and Herb Stovel Cultural Landscapes: Evaluating the Interaction Between People and Nature Page 37 Carmen Añón Feliu Cultural Landscapes: IUCN’s Changing Vision of Protected Areas Page 40 Adrian Phillips International Federation of Landscape Architects (IFLA) Page 50 Arno Schmid Cross-regional Dialogue for Landscape Conservation 2 Europe European Landscape Convention Page 52 Maguelonne Déjeant-Pons Landscape and Cultural Landscape: European Landscape Convention and UNESCO Policy Page 55 Lionella Scazzosi Conservation Planning: The European Case of Rural Landscapes Page 60 Mariolina Besio Projects to Safeguard Threatened Landscapes in Germany and Eastern Europe Page 68 Arno Weinmann Arab Region and the Mediterranean Oases and Other Forms of Living Cultural Landscape Page 71 Pietro Laureano International Centre for Mediterranean Cultural Landscapes Page 81 Carla Maurano Latin America/Caribbean Cultural Landscapes and the Challenges of Conservation in Latin America and the Caribbean Page 82 Elias J. Mujica Use and Management of Cultural Landscapes in Mexico Page 89 Saúl Alcántara Onofre Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 7 North America Cultural Landscape Management Challenges and Page 92 Promising New Directions in the United States and Canada Susan Buggey and Nora Mitchell Cultural Landscape Conservation Experiences in Canada Page 101 Meryl Olivier Asia-Pacific Uluru – Kata Tjuta National Park: Sustainable Management and Development Page 104 Graeme Calma and Lynette Liddle Values as the Basis for Management of World Heritage Cultural Landscapes Page 120 Jane Lennon Conservation of Cultural Landscapes in Asia and the Pacific Region Page 127 Terraced Rice Fields and Sacred Mountains Makoto Motonaka Africa Smart Partnerships: Cultural Landscape Issues in Africa Page 134 Dawson Munjeri Sukur Cultural Landscape of Nigeria: A Challenge to Conservation Management Page 144 Joseph Eboreime Cultural landscapes: Is the World Bank a Relevant Funding Partner? Page 147 Lessons learned by the Nordic World Heritage Foundation (NWHF) in Sub-Saharan Africa Synnøve Vinsrygg Legal Protection of Cultural Landscapes 3 Legal Provisions for Cultural Landscape Protection in Europe Page 150 Michel Prieur Legal Aspects of Cultural Landscape Protection in Africa Page 156 Albert Mumma Conclusions and Recommendations 4 Conclusions and Summary Record of the International Workshop Page 160 Conclusions et compte rendu analytique de l’atelier international Page 172 Annexes Annex 1: List of Participants Page 186 Annex 2: European Landscape Convention Page 189 Annex 3: Paestum Charta Page 190 Annex 4: Photographs from the Workshop and Field Trip Page 191 Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 8 Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 9 Taking Stock Ten Years After: Cultural Landscapes in the Framework of the World Heritage Convention 9 Ferrara 7 12/01/04 17:34 Page 10 1 Taking Stock Ten Years After Linking Nature and Culture: World Heritage Cultural Landscapes Mechtild Rössler The Convention concerning the Protection of the World Heritage List World Cultural and Natural Heritage, adopted by the General Conference of UNESCO in 1972, established The 1972 UNESCO World Heritage Convention currently a unique international instrument recognizing and has 176 States Parties. The purpose of the Convention is protecting both cultural and natural heritage of out- to ensure the identification, protection, conservation, standing universal value. However, it was not until presentation and transmission to future generations of the 1992 that this Convention became the