Index Index to Kym Thompson’s – A history of rehousing policy a disaster, 65–66 the Aboriginal people of East Gippsland: a survey reveals sub-standard dwellings, 67 report prepared for the Land Conservation Aboriginal languages, 47 Council, Victoria. Melbourne: Land Aboriginal linguistic units, 42, 43 Conservation Council, 1985. Aboriginal marriages affected by the shortage of women, 16, 30, Index compiled by Jane Purton 58 (ANZSI Index Series; no.5) arranged at inter-tribal gatherings, 45 arranged by Bulmer, 30, 36 Note:Page numbers followed by ‘n’ indicate by elopement, 30, 58 notes subject to Board approval, 35 Aboriginal men hunting role, 53, 56 initiation ceremonies, 9–10, 58 A religion and the exclusion of women, 11 abalone (shellfish), 76 Aboriginal mythology, 8–12 Aboriginal bands, 42, 48, 49, 50, 56 see also Aboriginal spirituality; creation pre-history, 88 myths; the Dreaming Aboriginal birth rate, 33 exclusion of women from secret affected by the kidnap of women and ceremonies, 11 disease, 16, 17 foretold the conflict between groups, 30 Aboriginal children knowledge of dying out, 12 denied access to secret information, 9, 58 and the Nargun, 107 removed from families and placed in Lake 'outside' versions for women, children and Tyers, 34–35 whites, 9 and Save the Children Fund Aboriginal population, East Gippsland, 13, 24 Aboriginal clans, 30, 43, 56 in the 1980s, 3, 67 Aboriginal culture pre-history, 88–89 see also Aboriginal mythology reduced by disease, 18–19 cultural allegiances see Aboriginal tribes reduced by infanticide, 32 cultural programs, 68, 105 reduced by set up of Lake Tyers, 36 impact of white invasion, 3, 20, 30, 31–32, before white settlement, 3, 60–61 37, 101 Aboriginal population, Victoria, 33, 60 see also Aboriginal warfare Aboriginal religion see Aboriginal spirituality Aboriginal culture areas, 43, 44, 48 Aboriginal resistance to settlers see Aboriginal ethnography, 5–6 Aboriginal hostility Aboriginal families, 42, 56 Aboriginal sites of significance employed picking crops, 63, 64 see also archaeological sites of Aboriginal foods significance see also animals; fish; plant foods; assessment, 102, 103, 107 reptiles; shellfish management and protection calories in, 84 hindered by distrust of whites, 103–104, calories incorrectly calculated, 117 n23 109–110 comparison of meat weights, 113 n5, 113 land issues, 103, 104–105, 109, 110– n7, 116 n16 111 Aboriginal history, 5–6 needs to involve and benefit Aborigines, see also Aboriginal mythology; 109, 110–111 archaeology; the Dreaming types definition of, 8 burial, 103 lack of records between 1798-1838, 15 educational, 103 loss of interest in by young Koories, 12 historical, 101–102, 107 sources massacre, 26, 27–28, 31, 101, 108, 109 biased towards Lake Tyers, 4, 6, 29 political, 102 distort ethnographic studies, 5–6 sacred, 101, 104 Aboriginal hordes, 42, 43 symbolic, 102 Aboriginal hostility traditional, 101, 104 between groups see Aboriginal warfare Aboriginal society towards whites, 19, 20, 21–23, 24–25 impact of white invasion, 3, 31 Aboriginal housing, 64, 67–68 see also Aboriginal warfare erected in towns, 65 organisation of see Aboriginal tribes 1 Index Aboriginal spirituality young Koories losing interest in the past, see also Aboriginal mythology; creation 12 myths; the Dreaming Aborigines, Bendoc area, arrive at Lake effect of white settlement on, 18, 31–32 Tyers, 36 vital to social order, 59 Aborigines, Central Gippsland, hostile to Aboriginal tribes settlers, 24–25 see also specific tribes, eg. Gunnai Aborigines, Delegate area, arrive at Lake boundaries, 42, 48, 50 Tyers, 36 characteristics of social organisation, 51– Aborigines, East Gippsland 52 see also Aboriginal tribes; Aborigines, concept of, 41–42, 45, 46 Lake Tyers conflict see Aboriginal warfare; Gunnai allegedly kidnap white women, 25–28 tribe allegedly kill survivors of shipwrecked cultural allegiances, 43 Shaw, 20 see also specific tribes becoming aware of archaeology, 102 division of labour, 53, 56 first contact with whites, 13–15, 20 group membership criteria, 42, 43 forbears from other areas, 4 inter-tribal gatherings, 45, 52 forced into missions by policy of land rights, 42, 57 segregation, 3, 5, 34–35 subdivisions, 30, 42, 43, 44, 48, 49, 50, 56 hostile to settlers, 19, 20, 21–23 Aboriginal warfare, 29 impact of introduced diseases, 15, 16–17, cannibalism, 59–60 21, 32 due to the effect of introduced diseases, 17, leave the bush for the fringes of white 18, 19, 20, 23, 30, 58, 59 settlement, 32 due to the influx of tribes from other areas, living conditions in towns, 63–64 30–31, 45, 59 lose their children for their 'protection', 34– encouraged by white settlers, 31 35 forces closure of Buchan mission station, meet Bass on the Ninety Mile Beach, 14 34 physical appearance, 13 over hunting territories, 19, 23 practise infanticide, 32 over women, 16, 17, 18, 20, 30, 31, 58 pre-history see archaeology between Twofold Bay groups, 23 saved from smallpox by isolation, 19, 60 weapons, 55 settle in Newmerella and Orbost, 40 Aboriginal Welfare Association, 64 sources of historical information, 7 Aboriginal women struggle for equality, 68 see also Aboriginal marriages suffer from 'a fatal melancholy', 32–33 denied access to secret information, 9, 11, Aborigines, Lake Tyers, 33–40 58 see also Lake Tyers Aboriginal Trust; hunting role, 56 Lake Tyers mission kidnapped by sealers, 16, 18, 20 alcohol abuse, 34 kidnapped by tribal enemies, 29, 30, 31, 58 become responsible for their own affairs, make bags for hunting, 53 66, 68 permitted to use fish hooks, 90 conflict between tradition and white vices, recipients of Jeraeil secrets, 10 34 rendered sterile by venereal disease, 16–17, culture threatened by Christian conversion, 32 37 secret sites, 104 fighting between tribal groups, 34, 36 and the tundun, 11 forbidden to keep stock or grow crops, 37, Aborigines 63 see also Aborigines in specific areas hunting and fishing restricted, 38 definition of, 3, 5, 38, 64 impact of eviction of half-castes, 38–40 demand a role in archaeology, 103 lose economic independence, 37–38 as Native Police, 26, 27, 31 marriages arranged by agreement, 30, 36 prefer to be called Koories, 3 move about for employment, 63, 65 regional sense of identity, 66, 67 opium use, 32 suspicion of and antipathy to all things poorly prepared for rehousing, 65–66 white, 66 protest against the Board for the Protection view archaeological sites as symbols of of Aborigines, 37, 38, 39, 63 identity and their relationship with relationship with John Bulmer, 34, 36 whites, 103 rely on the Board for rations, 38, 63 2 Index set up tribal council of elders, 36 contents see middens; shell middens; withdraw all secondary students from specific sites, eg. Bottom Lake; stone school, 68 scatter sites Aborigines, Monaro tablelands economies practised, 71, 72, 73, 84, 86, 88, see also Ngarigo tribe 89, 90, 118 n31 brought by settlers to work as labourers, 24 endangered by logging, 95, 97, 105, 107 labourers fight with local tribes, 30–31 erosion of, 69–70, 74 victims of cannibalism, 59 occupation dates see specific sites, eg Aborigines, New South Wales south coast Clinton Rocks see also New South Wales south coast reflect prehistoric settlement patterns, 77, archaeological surveys 78–79 coastal and inland bands, 49 relationship between sites, 72–73, 89–90, contact with East Gippsland groups, 13–14, 93 19 significant sites see Aboriginal sites of cultural allegiance with Ngarigo tribes, 48 significance; archaeological sites of disputes with East Gippsland groups over significance hunting territories, 19 site analysis, 93 employed picking crops, 63 Site Catchment Analysis theory, 93 Aborigines, Phillip Island, wiped out by site densities, 75, 91, 92, 93, 95, 96, 97 sealers, 17 site location factors, 107 Aborigines Protection Act 1886 access to water, 95, 96–97 legislation to expel half-castes from distance from coastal sites, 95 missions, 38–39 terrain, 92, 94, 95, 96–97 Aborigines, Twofold Bay site location models, need for, 97 cultural allegiance with Bidawal tribes, 48 site location types fighting between tribal groups, 23 coastal, 91, 93, 94 Aborigines Welfare Board estuarine wetlands, 76, 91–92 assimilation policy, 65 inland, 76, 91, 92, 93, 94, 96, 107 plan to close Lake Tyers thwarted, 65 site types by content rehousing policy a disaster, 65 see also middens; shell middens; stone replaced by Ministry of Aboriginal Affairs, scatter sites Victoria, 66 inconsistent site taxonomies, 115 n12 replaces Board for the Protection of specific sites Aborigines, 64 Bastion Point, 76, 78, 79, 80 Aborigines, Westernport, disruption of by Bottom Lake, 79, 80, 89 whites, 18 Captain Stevensons Point, 79, 80, 82, Aborigines, Wilsons Promontory, disruption 83–84, 86–87, 88, 90 of by whites, 18 Clinton Rocks, 69, 70–73 alcohol abuse, 28, 31, 32, 34, 40, 64 Double Creek Arm, 81–82 Anadara trapezia (cockles), 80, 81, 82, 83, 84 East Howe Flat wetlands, 74, 94 Anglican church Fisheries Point, 82–83, 86, 88 see also Bulmer, John,; Lake Tyers Genoa River, 94 mission Goanna Bay, 82, 83, 86 failure of mission at Buchan, 34 Jack Smith Lake, 73, 90 loses control of Lake Tyers mission, 62 Lake Tyers, 106–107 animals Point Hicks, 70–73, 84, 91 see also birds; fish; reptiles; specific Tathra to Bermagui, 93 species eg. koalas Top Lake, 80, 89 burial pits for dingoes, 83 Wallagarangh River, 94 hunted for food archaeological sites of significance, 109 introduced species, 70, 72, 84 see also Aboriginal sites of significance native species, 44, 52–55, 71, 72, 74, 77,