Resituating culture edited by Gavan Titley Directorate of Youth and Sport Council of Europe Publishing This publication is an edited collection of articles from the resituating culture seminar organised in the framework of the partnership agreement on youth research between the Directorate of Youth and Sport of the Council of Europe and the Directorate-General for Education and Culture, Directorate D, Unit 1, Youth, of the European Commission. The opinions expressed in this work are those of the authors and do not neces- sarily reflect the official position of the Council of Europe. All correspondence relating to this publication or the reproduction or translation of all or part of the document should be addressed to: Directorate of Youth and Sport European Youth Centre Council of Europe 30, rue Pierre de Coubertin F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex Tel: +33 (0) 3 88 41 23 00 Fax: +33 (0) 3 88 41 27 77 e-mail: [email protected] http://www.coe.int/youth All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic (CD-Rom, Internet, etc.) or mechanical, including photocopying, recording or any information storage or retrieval system, without the prior permission in writing from the Publishing Division, Communication and Research Directorate. Cover: Graphic Design Publicis Koufra Council of Europe F-67075 Strasbourg Cedex ISBN 92-871-5396-5 © Council of Europe, April 2004 Reprinted May 2005 Printed at the Council of Europe Contents Pags List of contributors ........................................................................................... 5 Resituating culture: an introduction Gavan Titley ...................................................................................................... 9 Part l. Connexity and self 1. Global culture, deterritorialisation and the cosmopolitanism of youth culture John Tomlinson ............................................................................................ 21 2. Diasporic spatiality, difference and the question of identity Avtar Brah .................................................................................................... 31 Part ll. Multiculturalisms and interculturalisms 1. Citizenship and multiculturalism: equality, rights and diversity in contemporary Europe Colm O’Cinneide .......................................................................................... 43 2. Constructing the hybrid identities of Europeans Anna Bagnoli ............................................................................................... 57 3. School success of Moroccan youth in Barcelona: theoretical insights for practical questions Diego Herrera Aragon .................................................................................. 69 4. The practice of intercultural communication: reflections for professionals in cultural encounters Iben Jensen .................................................................................................. 81 Part lll. Racism and anti-racism 1. The problem of culture and human rights in the response to racism Contents Alana Lentin ................................................................................................. 95 2. The rise and fall of British multiculturalism Arun Kundnani ............................................................................................. 105 3 3. Managing diversity, fighting racism or combating discrimination? A critical exploration John Wrench ................................................................................................. 113 4. Interculturalism and multiculturalism in Ireland: textual strategies at work in the media landscape Debbie Ging and Jackie Malcolm ................................................................. 125 Part lV. Culture and gender 1. The veil debate: when the religious other and the gendered other are one Irene Becci ................................................................................................... 139 2. Gendered spaces of exchange: Iranian Muslim religious practices in London Kathryn Spellman ......................................................................................... 151 3. How important are cultural norms of gender in young people’s accounts of sexual practice? Bryony Hoskins ............................................................................................ 163 Part V. Youth, culture and youth culture? 1. The notion of youth culture in contemporary context Benjamin Perasovic´ ..................................................................................... 177 2. The uses of hip-hop culture Rupa Huq ..................................................................................................... 187 3. From youth culture to mass culture? Hip-hop as Trojan horse Olivier Cathus .............................................................................................. 199 Resituating culture Resituating 4 Contributors Diego Herrera Aragon is a PhD student in the Departament de Sociologia at the Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona. He is co-author of several studies on minority education and his current research interest is the academic success of Moroccan youth in Catalonia (Spain). Anna Bagnoli is an Associate Member of the Centre for Family Research at the University of Cambridge, and a Senior Member of Wolfson College, Cambridge. At the Centre for Family Research she was an ESRC Postdoctoral Fellow (2002-03), and conducted her PhD research, a study on the process of identity construction among young people in Europe (University of Cambridge, 2001). This project was funded by the European Commission with a Marie Curie TMR Fellowship (1998- 2000). She was awarded a Ramón y Cajal Scholarship by the European Parliament (2001-02). Anna has previously worked for the Faculty of Social and Political Sciences of the University of Cambridge. Irene Becci has studied sociology at the universities of Lausanne and Rome. She is currently working on a doctoral thesis at the European University Institute in Florence. Her research is mainly directed towards the study of the relationship between state and religion in Europe. Avtar Brah is Reader in Sociology in the Faculty of Continuing Education, Birkbeck College, University of London, and has previously been a visiting professor at the Centre for Cultural Studies at the University of California, Santa Cruz. She has authored numerous books and articles, including Cartographies of Diaspora (1996), and edited or co-edited several publications, including Hybridity and its Discontents: Politics, Science, Culture (2000). She is currently teaching and researching race and ethnicity in relation to globalisation and diaspora. Olivier Cathus holds a PhD in sociology and is the author of L’âme-sueur: le funk et les musiques populaires du 20e siècle (Desclée de Brouwer, Paris, 1998). He is a founder member of Gredin (Groupe de Recherche sur l’Effervescence et la Dynamique des Identités Nouvelles), which held a seminar at the Sorbonne (from 1990 to 1997) and organises collective publications. He also works as a journalist and lecturer. Colm O’Cinneide is Lecturer in Human Rights and Equality Law at the Faculty of Contributors Laws, University College London, and has published extensively in the field of equality, rights and citizenship. He is a graduate of the National University of Ireland (Cork), and has previously worked as Legal Officer to Lord Lester of Herne Hill QC in the UK Parliament. 5 Debbie Ging lectures in the School of Communications, Dublin City University. Along with Jackie Malcolm and Maeve Connolly, she set up the Working Group on Media and Interculturalism in 2001. She is currently doing doctoral research on masculinity in the entertainment media, and has published a number of book chapters and articles in the area of film studies. Bryony Hoskins has a background in youth research, and holds a PhD from Brunel University, London, on the topic of young people’s sexual practices. She has completed evaluation research for the European Commission on their youth programmes training courses. Since completing her PhD she has worked in the European Commission Youth Unit and is now working for the Council of Europe as the research officer for the new agreement between both these institutions on youth research co-operation. She was one of the organisers of the resituating culture seminar. Rupa Huq is a lecturer at the School of Education, University of Manchester. Her research focuses largely on youth culture, ethnicity and popular music. In her spare time she has been known to DJ, write articles on music and even dabble in politics. Iben Jensen holds an MA in cultural sociology and a PhD in intercultural commu- nication, and is Senior Lecturer at the Department of Communication, Journalism and Computer Science, Roskilde University. Iben has been working with inter- cultural communication in public schools in Denmark and is now researching intercultural communication in job interviews in Denmark, the United Kingdom, New Zealand and Sweden. Arun Kundnani is a researcher at the Institute of Race Relations, London, and editor of IRR News, a newsletter on race and refugee issues (www.irr.org.uk). He writes and lectures on aspects of racism and immigration and is the designer of the CD-Rom HomeBeats: Struggles for Racial Justice (1997) on anti-racist history. Alana Lentin is a political sociologist. She received an MSc in political sociology from the London School of Economics in 1997 and completed her PhD, a political