Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76180-2 - Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia Tuong Vu Index More information Index accommodation pattern, as path of Budi Utomo. See Pure Endeavor state formation, 18–19. See Bukharin, Nikolai, 6 also specific countries Burma (British), 106 Acehnese secessionist movement Burton, Michael, 239 (Indonesia), 61 Bush, George W., 249 administrative infrastructure, 5 agriculture Cambodia, 105 in China, 101, 104, 124–6 capitalist economic systems in South Korea, 44–5 Bukharin on, 6 in Vietnam, 101, 104, 124–6 producer classes in, 5–7 Alimin, 223–4 resistance to Alliance against Terror (2001), in China, 102 249 in Indonesia, 62–9, 213–14, Aminem, 229–32 228–9 Annam (central Vietnam), 100–5 in Vietnam, 102 Annam Independence Party (AIP), socialist states vs., 5–7 133–4 Weiss on, 6 Australia, 223 case selection, 19–21 Central Council for the Acceleration Bai Chongxi, 84 of Korean Independence Barisan Banteng (PNI), 59–60 (CCAKI), 36 Barisan Buruh Indonesia. See Central Executive Committee Indonesian Workers’ Front (CEC/GMD), 79–80, 81 BBI (Indonesian Workers’ Front), Central National Committee (KNIP) 224 (Indonesia), 56–8, 163–5 Blue Shirts (China), 81–2 Chang Myon, 46–7 Bo Gu, 88–9 Cheju Island rebellion (South Korea), Bolshevik Party model, 78–9 38, 61 Bonjol, Imam, 219 Chen Duxiu, 78–9 BU. See Pure Endeavor Chen Gongbo, 82–3 277 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76180-2 - Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia Tuong Vu Index More information 278 Index Chiang Kai-shek rectification campaign, 96 anticommunism of, 79–80, 81–2, research on, 71–2 85–6 ruralization, 87–8, 89–91 CCP and, 83, 85–6 Yan’an period, 89–91, 96 CEC and, 80, 81 modern historiography of, 71–3 GMD and, 85–6 Qing Dynasty collapse, 75–6 Japanese invasion and, 85–6 rebellions, 84 nationalism and, 244 Red Army, 87–90, 95, 114–15 opposition to, 82–3 Republican state resistance to foreign pressures, 240 accommodation and warlords and, 77–8, 81–2, 84. See confrontation, 74–84, 237–8 also China; Chinese Nationalist Blue Shirts, 81–2 Party in case selection, 19–21 China controlled mobilization, 81 civil wars, 84, 92 early period (1911–16), 75–7 elites’ undertaking developmental elite compromise, 77–8, 81 roles, 244 foreign investment in, 83–4 ideology in, 242–3 later period (1923–37), 77–84 India, comparisons to, 248, 250 mass incorporation, 81–2 Indonesia, comparisons to, 236–8 mass suppression, 77–8, 81–2 Japanese invasion, 83, 85–7 mixed paths pattern, 19–21 Korea, comparisons to, 236–8 Nazi Germany and, 82, 83–4 Korean War and, 42–3, 93, 95–6, research on, 71 236, 244 Soviet Union and Maoist state, 85–91 financial aid, 77–8 agriculture, 101, 104, 124–6 formation of political parties, Anti-Rightist campaign, 96, 78–9 102–3, 123 mutual defense treaty, 92–3 centralization, 88–91 training of GMD army, 78–9 Cheng Feng campaign, 89–90, traditional legacies and modern 91–2 states, 73–4 cohesion in, 19–21, 95–6 communism, 74 collectivization campaign, 94 Kuhn on, 73, 74 confrontation path, 19–21, 236 Wong on, 73–4 controlled mobilization, 87–91 use of violence in, 103 cult of Mao, 96–8 Vietnam, comparisons to, 102 Cultural Revolution, 97–8 accommodation, 104–5, 115–17, elite polarization, 85, 89–91 119, 120 Five-Year Plan, 92–3 agriculture, 101, 104, 124–6 Great Leap Forward, 91, 96–7, anticapitalism in, 102 125–6 cohesion, 123 labor camps, 97–8 collectivization campaigns, land reform, 94 101–2 mass mobilization, 94–5 developmental structure, 104–5 mass suppression, 93–4 land reform, 103 militarization, 88, 89–91, 103–4 state structure, 126–7 peasantry and, 87–91 waging of wars, 103–4 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76180-2 - Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia Tuong Vu Index More information Index 279 warlords, 77–8, 79–80, 81–3, 84 civil wars working classes in, 77–9, 203–4. See in China, 84, 92 also specific leaders and parties in South Korea, 42–3 Chinese Communist Party (CCP) classes, industrialization and, 3–4. Cheng Feng campaign, 89–90, 91–2 See also specific classes Chiang and, 83 Cochinchina (Vietnam), colonial cohesion in, 236 legacies in, 100–5, 133–4 Comintern and, 78–9 Co Giai Phong (Liberation Flag), 145, controlled mobilization, 87–91 187–8 legacy of, 89–91 Cokroaminoto, H. O. S., 211–12, of peasantry, 87–90 227–8 formation of, 78 Collier, Ruth, 11 GMD and, 78, 79, 80–2, 85–91, colonial legacies, 8. See also specific 119, 236 countries Long March, 85, 89, 96 Comintern, 78–9, 85, 86, 108 mass suppression of, 81–2 Committee in Preparation for Korean membership of, 78–9, 88, 91, 120 Independence (CPKI), 34–5 research on, 71–2 communist parties, 6–7. See also working classes, 203–4. See also specific parties Mao Zedong comparative historical method, 8, Chinese Nationalist Party (GMD) 20–1 antiimperialism, 77–8, 82–4 confrontation pattern, as path of state Chiang and, 85–6 formation, 18–21. See also Comintern and, 78–9, 83–4 specific countries Constitution of, 78 Congress Party (India), 12, 249 elite compromise and, 77–8 constitutional governments, 9–11 incorporation of warlords, 84 controlled mobilization. See internal conflicts in, 82–3 elite–mass engagement patterns CCP and, 78–9, 80–2, 85–91, Council for Political Stabilization and 119, 236 National Security (Indonesia), CEC and, 79–80, 81 67 elite polarization and, 81–2 Council of Islamic Teachers (NU), Reorganizationists, 82–3 160–1, 173–8 in rural areas, 80 counterrevolutionary transformations, Western Hill faction, 79–80 6–7 Japanese disarmament in Vietnam, Cultural Revolution, 97–8 111–13 Cuu Quoc (Save the Country), Maoist suppression of, 93–4 187–8 membership of, 78–9 militarization of, 81–2 Dahl, Robert, 238–9 peasant mobilization by, 78–9, 81 Dan Chung (The Masses), 184–5 research on, 71–2 Darul Islam movement (DI), 61 Yuan’s repression of, 76–7. See also Dekker, Douwes, 210–11 Revolutionary Alliance Democratic Party (DP) (Vietnam), Chongqing (China), 85–6 113–15, 140, 141–4 Christian activists, in South Korea, Democratic Republic of Vietnam 46–7 (DRV), 108, 111, 116, 202 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76180-2 - Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia Tuong Vu Index More information 280 Index developmental capacities, definition Djojohadikusumo, Sumitro, of 169–70 developmental roles Djojosukarto, Sidik, 170–3 definition of, 3 Dong Du. See Eastern Travel group governing elites and Dong Kinh Free School (Vietnam), alliances, role of, 246 132–3 in China, 244 Dong Kinh Nghia Thuc. See Dong in Indonesia, 244–6 Kinh Free School in Korea, 243–6 Duong Duc Hien, 140 in Vietnam, 244 Dutch Indies, 106–7, 108–10, 158, developmental states 208–9. See also Indonesia definition of, 2 Dutch Socialist Party, 159 socialist states as, 3–8 social welfare policies, 2 Eastern Travel group (Vietnam), developmental states, analysis of 132–3, 183 authoritarianism and, 246–8 Eastman, Lloyd, 84 colonial legacies and, 241–2 elite alignment patterns, 11–13, in Indonesia, 241–2 18–19, 238–9 in Korea, 241 elite compromise, 12, 16, 238–9 socialism and, 242 elite fragmentation, 12, 16 in Vietnam, 242 elite polarization, 12, 16–17, governing elites and developmental 238–9 roles, 243–6 elite unity, 12, 16 alliances, 246 opportunities within, 235 in China, 244 paths of state formation, 18–19. in Indonesia, 244–6 See also specific countries in Korea, 243–6 elite–mass engagement patterns in Vietnam, 244 controlled mobilization, 13, ideology and, 242–3 17–18 use of violence and, 243 impact of, 18–19 politics of state formation, 238–41 mass incorporation, 13, 17 elite compromise, 238–9 mass suppression, 13, 17 foreign forces, 239–40 opportunities within, 235 polarization, 238–9 paths of state formation, 18–19, unpredictability of future, 240 240. See also specific countries state structures and, 235–8. See also elites, definition of, 11 specific countries Empire of Vietnam (EVN) developmental structures, definition coalition government and, 138–40, of, 3–4 236–8 Diponegoro, 219 colonial bureaucracy, 116 discourse ICP and, 236–8 discursive analysis and causal rise to power, 108–10 arguments, 182 Vanguard Youth groups, 113–14 legitimizing, 15 Viet Minh and, 111–12, 113 disease of sectarianism, 164 Erningpraja, Ahem, 230, 232 Djojoadiningrat, Abdulmajid, Estate Labor Union, 231 168–70 Evans, Peter, 5 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-76180-2 - Paths to Development in Asia: South Korea, Vietnam, China, and Indonesia Tuong Vu Index More information Index 281 Fang Yuxiang, 84 Great Indonesia Party, 160–1. See also foreign capital investment Indonesian Socialist Party in China, 83–4 Great Islamic Council of Indonesia in Indonesia, 54, 66–8, 106, 223–4 (MIAI), 160–1 in Vietnam, 106 growth-conducive policies, 2 France Guangdong (China), 78–9, 80, 81 colonial regime in Vietnam, 106–7 Guangxi (China), 81 analysis of, 242 Guomindang. See Chinese Nationalist capitalist vs. socialist outcomes, Party; Revolutionary Alliance 106–7 in Cochinchina, 100–5, 133–4 Hanifah, Abu, 166 in comparison to Dutch and Hatta, Mohammed Japanese, 105–7 Indonesian National Education, foreign investment, 106 55–8, 168–70 Japanese overthrow of, 108–10 as Japanese collaborator nationalist groups and, 132–3 Central Advisory Councils and, repression of ICP, 134, 144 162–3 state building, 106–7 independence and, 55–8 transportation systems, 106 Javanese Service Association and, Popular Front and, 134 163 Vietnamese exiles in, 133–4 Putera and, 162–3 Franco-Vietnamese War (1946–54), PNI and, 160–1 103, 104 presidential vs.