Geobios 36 (2003) 533–558 www.elsevier.com/locate/geobio Stratigraphic data of the Middle – Late Permian on Russian Platform Données stratigraphiques sur le Permien moyen et supérieur de la Plate-forme russe Vladimir P. Gorsky a, Ekaterina A. Gusseva a,†, Sylvie Crasquin-Soleau b,*, Jean Broutin c a All-Russian Geological Research Institute (VSEGEI), Sredny pr. 74, St. Petersburg, 199106, Russia b CNRS, FRE2400, université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, département de géologie sédimentaire, T.15–25, E.4, case 104, 75252 Paris cedex 05, France c Université Pierre-et-Marie-Curie, laboratoire de paléobotanique et paléoécologie, IFR101–CNRS, 12, rue Cuvier, 75005 Paris, France Received 12 November 2001; accepted 2 December 2002 Abstract This paper presents the litho– and biostratigraphic data and correlations of the Middle and Late Permian (Ufimian, Kazanian and Tatarian) on the Russian Platform. The lithological descriptions and the paleontological content (foraminifera, bivalves, ostracods, brachiopods, vertebrates, plants and acritarchs) of the different units are exposed from the Barents Sea up to the Caspian Sea. © 2003 E´ ditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. Résumé Cet article présente les descriptions et les corrélations litho– et biostratigraphiques du Permien moyen et supérieur (Ufimien, Kazanien, Tatarien) de la Plate-forme russe depuis la mer de Barents jusqu’à la mer Caspienne. Les descriptions lithologiques et le contenu paléontologique (foraminifères, bivalves, ostracodes, brachiopodes, vertébrés, plantes et acritarches) des différentes unités sont exposés. © 2003 E´ ditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. Keywords: Stratigraphic data; Correlations; Middle and Late Permian; Russian Platform; Ostracods; Plants Mots clés : Données stratigraphiques ; Corrélations ; Permien moyen et supérieur ; Plate-forme russe ; Ostracodes ; Plantes 1. Introduction terial meeting on the regional stratigraphy concerning the Middle and Late Paleozoic of the Russian Platform: the During the International Peri-Tethys Programme (1995– Permian” (Gorsky and Gusseva, 1990). This report is here 2000) and for the realisation of the paleogeographic Atlas completed by the studies realized during the Programme. (Dercourt et al., 2000), very efficient collaborations were This paper presents the stratigraphy of the Middle and Late undertaken between the French and Russian scientists, and Permian. The Early Permian part, included in the Gorsky and particularly between the VSEGEI of St. Petersburg and the Gusseva report (1990), will be published later. Pierre et Marie Curie University in Paris. Several proposals The ostracod fauna is updated by the local works in South- of the Peri-Tethys Programme were focussed on the Permian ern Cis-Urals and Precaspian Depression (E. Gusseva† and S. of the Russian Platform. During the last years, both teams Crasquin-Soleau in this paper; Molostovskaya, 1997; Molos- worked together on the project of publishing in English the tovsky et al., 1997; Kukhtinov and Crasquin-Soleau, 1999; VSEGEI internal report of the “Decisions of the interminis- Crasquin-Soleau, 2003). The paleobotanical data are thor- oughly vetted by without systematic revision (i.e., synonymy * Corresponding author. is not keeping up to date).All the other fossil data are listed as E-mail address: [email protected] (S. Crasquin-Soleau). they were quoted in the original descriptions of sections. † Dr. Ekaterina A. Gusseva passed away at the end of 2000. These checklists have historical value. ©2003E´ ditions scientifiques et médicales Elsevier SAS. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/S0016-6995(03)00057-3 534 V.P. Gorsky et al. / Geobios 36 (2003) 533–558 It is not possible to cite here all the bibliographic refer- ginal conditions (Gaetani, 2000). The final stages of the con- ences (all in Russian) used to draw up theVSEGEI report. We vergence between Laurussia, Kazakhstania and Angara re- refer to this report (Gorsky and Gusseva, 1990). sult in the Ural Orogenic belt. Between 20°E (Baltic Sea) and During the Middle – Late Permian time, almost all the 60°E (the Urals), the Russian Platform lies from the Barents Northern Peri-Tethyan platform is under continental or mar- Sea to the North up to the Caspian Sea to the South (Fig. 1). Fig. 1. Location of the geographical reference points Fig. 1. Localisation des repères géographiques V.P. Gorsky et al. / Geobios 36 (2003) 533–558 535 2. Middle – Late Permian stratigraphical correlations scale (IUGS 2000) and the Russian one are summarized on Table 1. The time slice considered here covered the Ufimian, Ka- Two main domains of sedimentation are distinguished zanian and Tatarian. The precise correlations with the inter- during the Middle and Late Permian: the Eastern European national scale (IUGS 2000) are not easy. Indeed, quite all the Basin (noted A on Fig. 2) and the Western European one Russian series are under continental environments and North (noted B on Fig. 2). They are subdivided in different facies American series (for the Middle Permian: Guadalupian) and belts presented on Figure 2. These two domains are heritage the Chinese series (for the Late Permian: Lopingian) are of the anterior paleogeographic configuration. The Baltic under marine environments. The main useful tool for the Shield extended eastwards with two major positive struc- correlations between the different scales could be the paleo- tures, namely the Voronezh High and the Ukrainian High. magnetism with the reversal between the Kiaman Permo- These highs separated the Eastern European Basin (Western Triassic superchron and the Illawara mixed polarity super- Urals, Precaspian and Dniepr-Donetz basins connected to- chron. The base of the Illawara mixed zone is recognized in gether) from the Western one which is related to the Polish the Tethyan domain (Haag and Heller, 1991; Baud et al., Basin (Gaetani et al., 2000). 1996). The K/I boundary is also recognized on the Russian The correlations are presented by a series of Tables Platform in the northernmost part of western Urals, the west- (Tables 2 to 11) from North to South, belt by belt, for the ern and central part of the Syktyokar area, in Perm – Viatka Eastern European basin (Tables 2 to 10 p.p.) and after for the area and in Samara area (Gorsky and Gusseva, 1990). Gi- Western European Basin (Tables 10 p.p. and 11). The litho- alanella et al. (1997) published developed results obtained in logical descriptions (when the room was not sufficient in the Tataria (Kazan area) and presented the correlations with the Table an asterisk refers to the Table explanation) and the Tethyan domain. The limit is located at the boundary be- paleontological content (the list is always in the Table expla- tween the Urzhumian and the Severodvinian series i.e. at the nation and is refers by a number in the Table) are given for all boundary between early and late Tatarian (Table 2)asitwas the intervals. The member “aleurolite” is often used in the presented by Lozovsky and Yaroshenko (1994) for the Mos- facies description. “Aleurolite” is equivalent to siltstone in cow syncline. The correlations between the international Russian literature. Table 1 Correlations of International, Tethyan and Russian Middle and Late Permian scales. No vertical scale. 1.After the International stratigraphic Chart (IUGS 2000). 2. After Baud et al. (1993) and Davidov (1996) Corrélations des échelles internationales, téthysienne et russe pour le Permien moyen et supérieur. Pas d’échelle verticale. 1.D’après la Charte stratigraphique internationale (IUGS 2000). 2.D’après Baud et al. (1993) et Davidov (1996) 536 V.P. Gorsky et al. / Geobios 36 (2003) 533–558 Fig. 2. Regional distribution of Middle and Late Permian deposits on the Russian Platform (on a present day geographical map, identical to Fig. 1. For clarity of the map, a lot of geographic names, present on Figure 1 are not reported here). Fig. 2. Répartition régionale des dépôts du Permien moyen et supérieur de la Plate-forme russe (sur un fond géographique actuel, identique à celui de la Fig. 1). Par souci de clarté, bon nombre de noms géographiques présents sur la Figure 1 ne sont pas reportés ici. V.P. Gorsky et al. / Geobios 36 (2003) 533–558 537 • A. Eastern European sedimentation basin. I. Arkhangelsk Belt (Arkhangelsk – Narian-Mar – Adz’Va – Pechora – Ukhta) (Tables 3 and 4); I.1. North of Arkhangelsk (lower courses of Mezen and Pinega rivers, Kouloi river); Kanin Peninsula; I.2. North East of Mezen area (Pesa river area; Beluse – Safonovo area); I.3. West of Pechora depression (Indiga – Izma river – Ukhta area); I.4. Upper course of Pechora river; south-eastern part of Pechora depression; I.5. North East of Pechora depression (Narian Mar – Adz’Va – Usinsk area); NE of Pechora syneclise; I.6. Tchernishova chain (Adak – Usinsk – Pechora area; Adz’va river). II. Syktyokar Belt (South of Pechora and Mezen syneclises and Northern part of Volga and Urals anteclises) (Table 5). II.1.a. South of Arkhangelsk area and West of Vologda area, North East of Moscow syneclise, lower course of the Dvina river; II.1.b. South East of Arkhangelsk area and East of Vologda area (Sukona river, upper courses of Pinega and Dvina rivers); South of axial part of Mezen syneclise and NE of Moscow syneclise; II.2. South of Komi Republic, North of Viatka (ex Kirov) area, upper course of Vycegda river; II.3. South East of Komi Republic, North of Perm area, West of Ural chain, South of Pechora syneclise. III. Perm belt (South East of Moscow syneclise and North of Volgaand Ural syneclises) (Table 6); III.1. Volgaarea between Nijni Novgorod (ex Gorky) and Iaroslav (between Volga and Oka rivers, lower course of Kostroma river); South West and central Moscow syneclise; III.2. East of Unja river, North of Nijni Novgorod – Tcheboksary area (lower and middle course of Unja river and Vetlonga river area), East of Moscow syneclise; III.3. Area of Viatka (upper and middle course of Viatka river and Kobra river), structural shoulder of Viatka; III.4.