GAMBLING PREVALENCE OF THE RECIPIENTS OF OLD AGE SOCIAL GRANT FROM THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE 31 March 2015 1 RESEARCH REPORT ON GAMBLING PREVALENCE OF THE RECIPIENTS OF OLD AGE SOCIAL GRANT FROM THE EASTERN CAPE PROVINCE Prepared for: By Solid Uloyiso Joint Venture (JV) This research project was conducted under the leadership and guidance of the Eastern Cape Gambling and Betting Board (ECGBB) and its partners, i.e. South African Social Security Agency (SASSA) and Eastern Cape Department of Social Development (ECDSD). ECGBB as the leading entity was represented by: Mr. Luvuyo Tshoko Head: Strategic Management Services Mrs. Pumeza George Communication, Marketing and Research Specialist Solid Uloyiso JV team: Mrs. Nomhle Gwanya Research Project Co-ordinator Mrs. Zoliswa Benya Research Specialist Dr. Noncedo Khewu (PhD) Educationist, Ethicist and Researcher Specialised Services and Acknowledgements Specialised Services: Prof. Emmanuel Olusola Adu (PhD) Data Analyst Mrs. Nothemba Ndawo Educationist and Social Facilitator Mr. Litha Mpiyakhe Graphic Designer Prof. N Duku (PhD) Validator Mr. B. Carlson Editor 1 Acknowledgements South African Social Security Agency Eastern Cape Department of Social Development Gambling sector Licensees: Casinos, Bingos, Tabs, V slots, Pioneer Slots offices Older Persons Forums Youth Groups Community Leaders Community Based Organisations (CBO’s) Faith Based Organisations (FBO’s) Institutions of Higher Learning Gambling Participants Data Collectors 2 CONTENTS PAGE Pages Research report on gambling prevalence of the recipients of Old age Social Grant from the Eastern Cape Province…………………………………………………………………………………………………… 1 List of tables ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 7 List of figures ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 8 Acronyms ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 9 Definition of terms ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 10 Executive Summary ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 12 Foreword by the CEO …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 15 CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND 1.1 Introduction and Background ……………………………………………………………………………………… 18 1.2 Problem Statement ……………………………………………………………………………………………………… 19 1.3 Purpose of the study …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 20 1.4 Significance of the study ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 21 1.5 Processes followed to conduct research …………………………………………………………………… 21 1.6. Chapter outline…………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 22 CHAPTER 2: METHODOLOGY 2.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 2.2 Research Methodology ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 2.3 Population …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 24 2.4 Sample and Sampling Technique ………………………………………………………………………………… 25 2.5 Research Instruments ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 26 2.6 Piloting of Instruments (Survey and Interview Schedule) ………………………………………… 26 2.7 Data Collection …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 2.7.1 Recruitment and Appointment of Data Collectors……………………………………………………… 27 2.7.2 Training of Data Collectors ………………………………………………………………………………………… 27 2.7.3 The actual fieldwork …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 28 2.7.4 Highlights of the fieldwork ………………………………………………………………………………………… 29 2.7.5 Challenges and remedial measures …………………………………………………………………………… 29 2.8 Data Quality Control …………………………………………………………………………………………………… 30 2.9 Data Analysis ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 2.10 Delimitations of the study …………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 2.11 Limitations of the study ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 2.12 Ethical considerations ………………………………………………………………………………………………… 32 2.13 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 33 3 CHAPTER 3: LITERATURE REVIEW 3.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 3.1.1 Definition of prevalence ……………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 3.1.2 Legal framework ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 36 3.1.3 Gambling prevalence with regard to elderly people…………………………………………………… 37 3.1.4 Reasons for gambling by elderly people ……………………………………………………………………… 37 3.1.5 Impact of gambling on the elderly people ………………………………………………………………… 38 3.1.6 Problem gambling ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39 3.1.7 Gambling stigmatisation and secrecy ………………………………………………………………………… 39 3.1.8 Online gambling …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 39 3.1.9 Intervention measures to address problem gambling ………………………………………………… 40 3.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 40 CHAPTER 4: DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION 4.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 42 4.1.1 Distribution of participants by Survey zones ……………………………………………………………… 42 4.2 Biographical data ………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 43 4.2.1 Distribution of participants by Gender ……………………………………………………………………… 43 4.2.2 Distribution of participants by Marital Status …………………………………………………………… 44 4.2.3 Distribution of participants by Age Group …………………………………………………………………… 46 4.2.4 Distribution of participants by Nationality ………………………………………………………………… 47 4.2.5 Distribution of participants by Race …………………………………………………………………………… 47 4.2.6 Distribution of participants by Dependants ………………………………………………………………… 48 4.2.7 Distribution of participants by Income ……………………………………………………………………… 49 4.3 Extent and geographic spread of older persons in the Eastern Cape Province that actively participate in gambling sites that the ECGBB regulates or has licensed ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 50 4.3.1 Distribution of participants by District ……………………………………………………………………… 51 4.3.2 Distribution of participants by Area of Residence ……………………………………………………… 51 4.3.3 Distribution of participants by Reasons for Gambling ………………………………………………… 52 4.3.4 Distribution of participants by Mode of Transport ……………………………………………………… 53 4.3.5 Distribution of participants by Frequency of Visits to gambling sites ……………………… 54 4.3.6 Distribution of participants by Preferred Gambling Site …………………………………………… 55 4.3.7 Distribution of participants by Reasons for choosing the preferred Gambling Site …… 56 4.3.8 Distribution of participants by Time taken to get to gambling site ………………………… 56 4.3.9 Distribution of participants by Amount of Money spent on gambling activities ……… 57 4.3.10 Distribution of participants by Source of Income Used for Gambling ……………………… 58 4.3.11 Distribution of participants by gambling Activities when visiting a gambling site …… 59 4.3.12 Distribution of participants by Other Activities engaged in whilst in a gambling site ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 61 4 4.4 Exploring and establishing the older person’s attitudes, knowledge and skills towards legal gambling participation and activities …………………………………………………… 62 4.4.1 Distribution of participants by Attitude ……………………………………………………………………… 62 4.4.2 Distribution of participants by Knowledge about Legal Gambling……………………………… 64 4.4.3 Distribution of participants by Knowledge about how most slot machines operate and function ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 65 4.4.4 Distribution of participants by Amount of money usually won after a good play……… 66 4.4.5 Distribution of participants by Frequency of Winning ………………………………………………… 66 4.4.6 Distribution of participants by Highest Amount ever lost in a gambling site …………… 67 4.4.7 Distribution of participants by Effect of Excessive gambling on someone who participates in gambling activities ……………………………………………………………………………… 68 4.4.8 Distribution of participants by Mechanisms available to assist someone who happens to participate excessively in gambling activities ………………………………………… 69 4.4.9 Distribution of participants by Awareness of ECGBB …………………………………………………… 71 4.5 Determination of Positive or Negative Socio-economic impact of gambling participation by older persons in the Eastern Cape Province …………………………………… 71 4.5.1 Distribution of participants by Effect of losing on participants’ health …………………… 71 4.5.2 Distribution of participants by Effect of losing on family relations……………………………… 72 4.5.3 Distribution of participants by Need of Support when gambling at the gambling site 74 4.6 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 74 CHAPTER 5: RESEARCH FINDINGS AND RECOMMENDATIONS 5.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 76 5.1.1 The extent of gambling by persons who are 60 years of age and above, and are recipients of Old Age Social Grant……………………………………………………………………………… 76 5.1.2 The skills, level of knowledge and attitude towards gambling of persons who are 60 years of age and above, and are recipients of Old Age Social Grant………………………………………………………………………………………………… 78 5.1.3 The positive and/or negative socio-economic impact of gambling participation by older persons who are 60 years of age and above and are recipients of Old Age Social Grant ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 80 5.2 Conclusion …………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 83 5 CHAPTER 6: SUMMARY AND CONCLUSION 6.1 Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86 6.1.1 The extent and the geographic spread of older persons in the Eastern Cape Province………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 86 6.1.2 Older persons’ attitudes, knowledge and skills towards legal gambling participation and activities…………………………………………………………………………………………… 87 6.1.3 The positive or negative socio economic impact of gambling participation by older persons in the Eastern Cape Province…………………………………………………………………………… 87 6.2 Concluding