NotiottolCJJJb Suite 1600 NAACP LEGAL DEFENSE 99 Hudson Street AND EDUCATIONAL FUND, INC. New York, N.Y. 10013-2897 (212) 219-1900 Fax: (212) 226-759 Fall 1998 ) DEATH R0\1/, V.SA TOTAL NUMBER OF DEATH ROW INMATES KNOWNTO LOP: 3,517 (As of October 1, 1998) · Race of Defendant: White 1,649 (46.89%) Black 1,495 (42.51%) Latino/Latina 282 ( 8.02%) Native American 50 ( 1.42%) Asian 27 ( .77%) Unknown at this issue 14 ( • 4 0%) Gender: Male 3,469 (98.64 %) Female 48 ( 1. 36 %) Juveniles: Male 73 ( 2.08%) DISPOSITIONS SINCE JANUARY 1, 1973: Executions: 481 Suicides: 51 Commutations: 76 (including those by the Governor of Texas resulting from favorable court decisions) Died of natural causes or killed while under death sentence: 112 Convictions/Sentences reversed: 1642 JURISDICTIONS WITH CAPITAL PUNISHMENT STATUTES: 40 (Underlined jurisdictions have statutes but no sentences imposed) Alabama, Arizona, Arkansas, California, Colorado, Connecticut, Delaware, Florida, Georgia, Idaho, Illinois, Indiana, Kansas, Kentucky, Louisiana, Maryland, Mississippi, Missouri, Montana, Nebraska, Nevada, New Hampshire, New Jersey, New Mexico, New York, North Carolina, Ohio, Oklahoma, Oregon, Pennsylvania, South Carolina, South Dakota, Tennessee, Texas, Utah, Virginia, Washington, Wyoming, U.S. Government, U.S. Military. JURISDICTIONS WITHOUT CAPITAL PUNISHMENT STATUTES: 1 3 Alaska, District of Columbia, Hawaii, Iowa, Maine, Massachusetts, Michigan, Minnesota, North Dakota, Rhode Island, Vermont, West Virginia, Wiscons i n. Relf"""'/Off"" COfttri6..uo,u M t The NAACP Leg. I Oeferuc at Educau onal Fund. Inc. (LOF) 11 not pan Suite JOI Jtd.., 1,hl,for U.S. Swue21ll of the National Assoc1at1on for the Advancement of Colored People 127SK Street, NW 31SWm Ninth Strcct t4X pvrposes (NAACP) ah.hough LOF wu founded by the NAACP and 1u '"'°"" wm Wu hington. DC 20005 Los /\ng,lcs, CA IJOOIS comm,ane nt to equal rights. LOF bu had for over JO years a scpan tt (202) 682- IJOO (213) 624-2AOS Board. progn m, staff, office •nd budget. Fax: (202) 682-1312 Fax: (213) 624-«)75 In the United States Supreme Court October Term -- 1998 Pending Capital, Habeas & Race Cases Strickler y. Greene, No. 98-5864 (State suppressio~ of exculpatory material in state capital case) decision below unreported, 149 F.3d 1170 (Table) (4th Cir. 1998) Questions Presented: (1) Whether the State violated Brady v. Maryland, 373 U.S. 83 (1963), and its progeny (2) If so, whether the State's nondisclosure of exculpatory evidence and the State's representation that its open file contained all Brady material establishes the requisite 'cause' for failing to raise a Brady claim in state proceedings (3)Whether petitioner was prejudiced by non-disclosure. Jones v. United States, No. 97-9361 (Federal Death Penalty sentencing procedures) decision below, 132 F.3d 232 (5th Cir. 1998) Questions Presented: (1) Whether petitioner was entitled to a jury instruction that the jury's failure to agree on a sentencing recommendation automatically would result in a court-imposed sentence of life imprisonment without possibility of release. (2) Whether there is a reasonable likelihood that the jury instructions led the jury to believe that deadlock on the penalty recommendation would automatically result in a court-imposed sentence less severe than life imprisonment. (3) Whether the court of appeals correctly held that the submission of invalid non-statutory aggravating factors was harmless beyond a reasonable doubt. Peguero v. United States, No. 97-9217 (Violation of F.R.Cr.P. 32 and §2255 Prejudice), decision below, unpublished (3rd Cir.) Question Presented: Should certiorari be granted to resolve split among circuits regarding legal standard to be applied when prisoner seeks post-conviction relief under 28 u.s.c. §2255 on ground that sentencing judge did not inform him of his appellate rights? 2 .... Mitchell v. United States, No. 97-7541 (Fifth Amendment Right to Silence - non-capital case) decision below 61 Cr.L. 1552 (3rd Cir. 1998) 1 Question Presented: Does criminal defendant have Fifth Amendment right to remain silent at sentencing? Chicago. Ill. v. Morales, No. 97-1121 (Due Process/Loitering/Standing While Black) decision below 687 N.E.2d 53 (Ill. 1997) Questions Presented: (1) Is loitering ordinance authorizing arrest of persons who have disobeyed police order to move on, given when police officer has reasonable cause to believe that group of loiterers contains member of criminal street gang, impermissibly vague in violation of due process guarantees? (2) Despite legislative findings about deleterious effects of loitering by criminal street gangs, does ordinance that requires group of loiterers containing criminal street gang members to obey police order to move on violate substantive due process guarantees? 1 In seeking a holding that the Fifth Amendment silence right does not apply to capital sentencing proceedings, the United States accepts the holding of Estellev . Smith, 454 U.S. 454 (1981) that this right does apply to capital sentencing hearings. 3 execution update october 1, 1998 Total number of executions since the 1976 reinstatement of capital punishment (there were no executions in 1976): 481 '77' 78 '79 '80 '81 '82 '83 '84 '85 '86 '87 '88 '89 '90 '91 '92 '93 '94 '95 '96 '97 '98 1 0 2 0 1 2 5 21 18 18 25 11 16 23 14 31 38 31 56 45 74 49 gender of defendants executed gender of victims total number 481 total number 649 Female ••••. 3 ( .62%) Female • . 283 (43.61%) Mal_e . • • 478 (99.38%) Male . 366 (56.39%) race of defendants executed race of victims White . • . • 274 (56.96%) White. 537 (82.74%) Black ....•• 169 (35.14%) Black. • . • 79 (12.17%) Latino/a .... 31 ( 6.44%) Latino/a ....••. 24 ( 3.70%) Native American •. 5 ( 1. 04%) Asian. •.• 9 ( 1.39%) Asian . 2 ( .42%) defendant-victim racial combinations White Defendant and White Victim .. • .• 377 (58.09%) Black Victim. 10 ( 1. 54%) Asian Victim 2 ( .31%) Latino/a Victim 8 ( 1. 23%) Black Defendant and White Victim .... • • . • • . 135 (20.80%) Black Victim .. • . • • . • 66 (10.17%) Asian Victim • . • • • • • . 3 ( • 4 6%) Latino / a Victim 3 ( • 46%) Latino Defendant and White Victim •... ••.• • 22 ( 3.39%) Latino/a Victim. ... • . 12 ( 1.85%) Asian Victim . 1 ( .15%) Black Victim .... 2 ( .31%) . Native American and White Victim . ·. 5 ( .77%) Asian Defendant and Asian Victim . 3 ( .46%) . 4 Date of Name of State Race gender Execution Defendant/Number of Def/ of Multiple Victims Victim Victim 01-17-77 1. Gary Gilmore[*] UT W/W M 05-25-79 2. John Spenkelink FL W/W M 10-22-79 3. Jesse Bishop[*] NV W/W M 03-09-81 4. Steven Judy[*]/3 IN W/WWW FFF 08-10-82 5. Frank Coppola[*] VA W/W F 12-07-82 6. Charlie Brooks TX B/W M 04-22-83 7. John Evans AL W/W M 09-02-83 8. Jimmy Lee Gray MS W/W F 11-30-83 9. Robert Sullivan FL W/W M 12-14-83 10. Robert W. Williams LA B/B M 12-15-83 11. John Eldon Smith/2 GA W/WW M-F 01-26-84 12. Anthony Antone[+] FL W/W M 02-29-84 13. John Taylor LA B/W M 03-14-84 14. James Autry TX W/W F 03-16-84 15. James Hutchins / 2 NC W/WW MM 03-31-84 16. Ronald O'Bryan TX W/W M 04-05-84 17. Arthur Goode FL W/W M 04-05-84 18. Elmo Sonnier/2 LA W/WW M-F 05-10-84 19. James Adams FL B/W M 06-20-84 20. Carl Shriner FL W/W M 07-12-84 21. Ivon Stanley GA B/W M 07-13-84 22. David Washington/3 FL B/WBW MM-F 09-07-84 23. Ernest Dobbert FL W/W F 09-10-84 24. Timothy Baldwin LA W/W F 09-20-84 25. James Dupree Henry FL B/B M 10-12-84 26. Linwood Briley VA B/W M 10-30-84 27. Thomas Barefoot TX W/ W M 10-30-84 28. Ernest Knighton LA B/W M 11-02-84 29. Velma Barfield[A] NC W/W M 11-08-84 30. Timothy Palmes FL W/W M 12-12-84 31. Alpha Otis Stephens GA B/W M 12-28-84 32. Robert Lee Willie LA W/W F 01-04-85 33. David Martin/4 LA W/WWWW MM-FF 01-09-85 34. Roosevelt Green[@] GA B/W F 01-11-85 35. Joseph Carl Shaw/2 SC W/WW M-F 01-16-85 36. Doyle Skillern[+] TX W/W M 01-30-85 37. James Raulerson FL W/W M 02-20-85 38. Van R. Solomon GA B/W M 03-06-85 39. Johnny Paul Witt FL W/W M 03-13-85 40. Stephen P. Morin[*] TX W/W F 03-20-85 41. John Young /3 GA B/WWW FF-M 04-18-85 42. James Briley / 2 VA B/BB M-F 05-15-85 43. Jesse de la Rosa TX L/A M 05-29-85 44. Marvin Francois /6 FL B/6B '6M 06-25-85 45. Charles Milton TX B/B F 06-25-85 46. Morris Mason VA B/W F 07-09-85 47. Henry M. Porter TX L/W M 09-11-85 48. Charles Rumbaugh[*f] TX W/W M 10-16-85 49. William Vandiver[*] IN W/W M 12-06-85 50. Carroll Cole[*] NV W/W F 01-10-86 51. James Terry Roach[f] SC W/W M 03-12-86 52. Charles William Bass TX W/W M 03-21-86 53.