Volume 3, June 2020 ISSN: 2591 - 801X JALT J o g u n r i n h a c l a o Te f & Ap ng plied Learni Vol.3 No.1 (2020) Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching DOI: https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1 Editor-in-Chief Jürgen Rudolph Editor-in-Chief Jürgen Rudolph, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore Associate Editors Joey Crawford, University of Tasmania Margarita Kefalaki, Communication Institute of Greece Nigel Starck, University of South Australia Shannon Tan, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore Eric Yeo Zhiwei, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore Editorial Board James Adonopoulos, Kaplan Business School, Australia Nelson Ang, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore William Baker, University of Tasmania, Australia Abhishek Bhati, James Cook University, Singapore Rob Burton, Griffith University, Australia Mike Christie, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore Joseph Crawford, University of Tasmania, Australia Ailson De Moraes, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Fotini Diamantidaki, University College London, UK Michael D. Evans, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore Lucy Gill-Simmen, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Matt Glowatz, University College Dublin, Ireland Lena Itangata, University of Portsmouth, UK Rhys Johnson, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore Margarita Kefalaki, Communication Institute of Greece Bashar Malkawi, University of Sharjah, United Arab Emirates Paola A. Magni, Murdoch University, Singapore Justin O’Brien, Royal Holloway, University of London, UK Orna O’Brien, University College Dublin, Ireland Can-Seng Ooi, University of Tasmania, Australia Anne Palmer, Murdoch University, Australia Bina Rai, Singapore University of Technology and Design Becky Shelley, University of Tasmania, Australia Stevphen Shukaitis, University of Essex, UK Nigel Starck, University of South Australia Samson Tan, National Institute of Education, Singapore Peter Waring, Murdoch University, Australia Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching Vol.3 No.1 (2020) 2 Contents Editorial Dialogue and studio space: the 98-107 Introduction to the fifth issue of JALT 05-08 architectural design studio as the setting for continuous reflection Jürgen Rudolph Aleks Catina Peer-Reviewed Articles Interview Section COVID-19: 20 countries’ higher 09-28 education intra-period digital “As human beings, we cannot not 108-119 pedagogy responses learn”. An interview with Professor George Siemens on connectivism, Joseph Crawford, Kerryn Butler-Henderson, Jürgen Rudolph, Bashar Malkawi, Matt Glowatz, Rob MOOCs and learning analytics Burton, Paola A. Magni, & Sophia Lam George Siemens, Jürgen Rudolph, & Shannon Tan COmmunication’s ROugh NAvigations: 29-41 ‘Fake’ news in a time of a global crisis Ed-tech Section Margarita Kefalaki & Sophia Karanicolas Zeetings review: The mash-up of 120-123 powerpoint and polling Development and preliminary 42-50 Samson Tan evaluation of a brief epistemic beliefs instrument Journalistic Articles Weiliang Lim & Elaine Chapman Potential for radical change in Higher 124-128 Education learning spaces after the Challenges, paradigm shift and 51-64 pandemic theoretical underpinnings of learning Michael J. D. Sutton & Carlos Francisco Bitencourt advising in higher education: The case Jorge of an Australian university in Singapore Nimrod Lawsin Delante Artificial Intelligence in education: Rise 129-133 of the Machines University professors’ perceptions of 65-70 Samson Tan international student needs Ibtesam Hussein & Kathryn Schiffelbein What is curriculum? 134-137 Nelson Ang A dynamic systems theory model for 71-79 reading motivation among English as a foreign language learners in China Developing critical thinking skills: 138-141 Using Edward de Bono’s six thinking Jianjun Li & Foong Yeap Peik hats in formative peer assessment & feedback What are best practices to teach 80-89 “hands-on” skills in a blended Lucy Gill-Simmen environment? Kerry J. Volansky Competence-based frameworks in 90-97 nursing – a concept analysis Sam Goh, Tang Mun Leong, & Ahmad Aini Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching Vol.3 No.1 (2020) 3 Contents Book Reviews Gabbard, D. (2020): Silencing Ivan Illich 142-146 Caplan, B. (2018). The case against 157-159 revisited. A Foucauldian analysis of education: Why the education system intellectual exclusion. Myers Education is a waste of time and money. Princeton Press. University Press. Jürgen Rudolph Shannon Tan Choudry, A. & Vally, S. (Eds.) (2020). The 147-150 Yorkstone, S. (Ed., 2019) Global Lean for 160-163 university & social justice. Struggles Higher Education: A Themed Anthology across the globe. Pluto Press. of Case Studies, Approaches, and Tools. Productivity Press Jürgen Rudolph Lim Chin Guan Brookfield, S. & Associates (2019). 151-156 Teaching race. How to help unmask and challenge racism. Jossey-Bass. Jürgen Rudolph Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching Vol.3 No.1 (2020) 4 Vol.3 No.1 (2020) JALT J o g Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching u n r i n h a c l a ISSN : 2591-801X o Te f & Ap ng plied Learni Content Available at : http://journals.sfu.ca/jalt/index.php/jalt/index Introduction to the fifth regular issue of JALT Jürgen Rudolph Head of Research & Senior Lecturer, Kaplan Higher Education Singapore; Editor-in-chief, Journal of Applied Learning & Teaching DOI: https://doi.org/10.37074/jalt.2020.3.1.1 We live, work, learn and teach in tumultuous times. JALT has both received and accepted a record number of Covid-19 has been an unavoidable topic in the first half of articles, both for an outstanding special issue edited by Joey 2020. Nobody knows when this horrific pandemic can be Crawford, Bill Baker and Mitch Parsell from the University of relegated to the dustbin of history, but if epidemiologists Tasmania (as a result of the Teaching Matters conference in are to be believed, not anytime soon. While rereading the November 2019) – of which most contributions are already Introduction to JALT’s December 2019 issue, it hit me that we pre-published – as well as the regular issue that is proudly were eerily prescient by musing over Nassim Talib’s black- introduced here. swan-type-of-events and the usefulness of self-isolation (Rudolph & Yeo, 2019). This was a time when to most of us, I am writing these lines during a tumultuous time where ‘corona’ still meant something to be drunk, preferably with concerns about a second wave are proving valid, or at least a slice of lime. The black swan appeared soon thereafter, continue unabated and, though hope springs eternal, there and in many countries around the globe, social isolation is no vaccine or cure. One of the greatest ironies – and to was enforced for months. The country I call home has me, this redefines the meaning of cognitive dissonance – is done quite well with its Circuit Breaker approach (Bonk et that some stock markets are near all-time highs (for instance, al., 2020), leading to Singapore to be considered one of a the tech-heavy Nasdaq briefly crossed the never-before- handful of safest countries worldwide (Koetsier, 2020). reached 10,000 mark), while the economy underwent one of its steepest declines in history, and unemployment in the Personally, I have found the last months strangely U.S. rose at a hitherto unimaginable pace. The decoupling productive. With no time spent on the daily commute (or of main street from Wall Street (of the real economy from even minor matters such as: dressing up for the office, the stock market) is staggering. In the world’s largest small talk with colleagues or the occasional extensive lunch economy, the U.S., 20 million workers remain unemployed, conversation), I can hit the keyboard straight after waking and covid-19 has claimed more than 110,000 lives – and we up and throughout my waking hours. Despite feeling rather have not even talked about the killing of George Floyd that lucky to do what I like (and importantly, getting paid for has convulsed cities across the country and led to global it), there is nonetheless an imaginary sword of Damocles – anti-racism protests. of uncertainty and existential angst – hanging on hopefully more than just a horse’s hair over our heads. An Australian Our Journal of Applied Learning and Teaching is not the colleague recently commented that he could not recall place to judge the performance of governments vis-à-vis the having seen lecturers and students more stressed (and pandemic. It is one perspective that China’s cover-up of the Australia, as Margarita Kefalaki and Sophia Karanicolas tell initial outbreak contributed to its own, and other peoples’, us in this issue of JALT, is supposedly the “lucky” country, suffering. Another (Chinese) perspective is the one of China thanks to, amongst other things, its large size and dispersed as a model for taming the disease, and as the ‘saviour of population). the world’, by sending Chinese medical supplies (from masks to ventilators) to recipients around the globe, and In terms of my productivity, I have been writing more flying Chinese medical teams to foreign countries to help than I have done for many years, and while I always hope them fight covid-19 (The Economist, 2020). Yet a different to do more than I actually get done, I have been feeling perspective would be to speculate on the incompetence most fortunate to have been involved in a couple of multi- and lack of empathy of populist leaders who appear to authored projects – one a precious small tome on Why is only care about their grip on power and being re-elected. it worth waking up every morning, edited by JALT Editorial Certain populist heads of state have appallingly advised to Board member Margarita Kefalaki (2020); one an article on inject disinfectant or irresponsibly compared covid-19 to a “Pedagogy in the time of pandemic: From localisation to mild flu (Tisdall, 2020). Perhaps it is no coincidence that the glocalisation” for our sister journal JEICOM (Bonk et al., 2020), largest number of covid-19 deaths, as of 14 June, 2020, have and another article in this issue of JALT.