DSpace Institution DSpace Repository http://dspace.org Political Science Thesis and Dissertations 2021-07-22 THE DYNAMICS OF THE AMHARA AND OROMO POLITICAL ELITES CONTEST AND THE NECESSITY OF BARGAINING GENET, WORKINEH http://ir.bdu.edu.et/handle/123456789/12229 Downloaded from DSpace Repository, DSpace Institution's institutional repository BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES THE DYNAMICS OF THE AMHARA AND OROMO POLITICAL ELITES CONTEST AND THE NECESSITY OF BARGAINING BY WORKINEH GENET YIHUNIE JUNE, 2021 BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES THE DYNAMICS OF THE AMHARA AND OROMO POLITICAL ELITES CONTEST AND THE NECESSITY OF BARGAINING A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF ARTS IN POLITICAL SCIENCE BY WORKINEH GENET YIHUNIE ADVISOR TADESSE AKLOG (Ph.D.) JUNE, 2021 BAHIR DAR, ETHIOPIA © Workineh Genet June, 2021 BAHIR DAR UNIVERSITY FACULTY OF SOCIAL SCIENCES DEPARTMENT OF POLITICAL SCIENCE AND INTERNATIONAL STUDIES THE DYNAMICS OF THE AMHARA AND OROMO POLITICAL ELITES CONTEST AND THE NECESSITY OF BARGAINING BY WORKINEH GENET Approved by Board of Examiners: …………………………… …. ………. …………………… Chair Person‘s Name Date Signature …………………………… …..……….. …………………… Internal Examiner‘s Name Date Signature ……………………………… ……………. …………………… External Examiner‘s Name Date Signature Declaration I, Workineh Genet, declare this thesis, titled; The Dynamics of the Amhara and Oromo Political Elites Contest and the Necessity of Bargaining, is my original work which has not been done by anyone and not submitted to any institution either for academic purpose or for policy frame work; and all the data sources consumed in this inquiry are acknowledged. Workineh Genet Yihunie Signature…………………. Date…………………. I approved this thesis to submit for examination as an advisor of the candidate Tadesse Aklog (Ph.D.) Signature………………………Date……………. I Table of Contents Contents Page Declaration ....................................................................................................................................... I Table of Contents ............................................................................................................................ II List of Figure................................................................................................................................. VI List of Appendices ....................................................................................................................... VII Acronyms ................................................................................................................................... VIII Definition of Terms........................................................................................................................ X Acknowledgment .......................................................................................................................... XI Abstract ........................................................................................................................................ XII CHAPTER ONE ........................................................................................................................... 1 INTRODUCTION......................................................................................................................... 1 1.1. Background of the Study ...................................................................................................... 1 1.2. Statement of the Problem ..................................................................................................... 4 1.3. Research Objective ............................................................................................................... 6 1.3.1. General Objective ....................................................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Specific Objectives ...................................................................................................................... 6 1.4. Research Questions .............................................................................................................. 6 1.5. Significance of the Study ..................................................................................................... 6 1.6. Scope of the Study................................................................................................................ 7 1.7. Limitation of the Study ........................................................................................................ 7 1.9. Organization of the Study .................................................................................................... 7 CHAPTER TWO .......................................................................................................................... 8 REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE ................................................................................. 8 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 8 II 2.1. Conceptual Frameworks of the Study .................................................................................. 8 2.1.1. Elite and Elitism .......................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.2. Political Elite ............................................................................................................................... 8 2.1.3. Elite Contestation ........................................................................................................................ 9 2.1.4. Elite Bargaining .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.2. Theoretical Framework of the Study .................................................................................... 9 2.2.1. Deliberative Democratic Theory ............................................................................................... 10 2.2.2. Elite Bargaining Theory ............................................................................................................ 10 2.2.3. Consociational Democratic Theory........................................................................................... 11 2.3. The Political-History of Power Elites Contestation and Bargaining in Ethiopia ............... 13 2.3.1. The Contest and Bargaining of Atse Yohannes IV, King Menilek, and King Teklehaymanot 13 2.3.2. Atse Menilek‘s Contest and Bargaining with Power Elites during his Reunification of Ethiopia ............................................................................................................................................................ 14 2.3.3 The Dergue and MEISON Political Elites Contest and Bargaining ........................................... 14 2.3.4. Ethno-Elites Contest and Bargaining in the July 1991 Conference .......................................... 15 2.4. The Genesis of the Amhara and Oromo Political Elites Contest and Bargaining ............. 15 2.5. The Contending Thesis between the Amhara and Oromo Political Elites ......................... 16 2.6. The Political Culture of the Amhara and Oromo Political Elites towards Bargaining ...... 18 2.7. The Role of the Ethiopian Students Movement to the Current Ethno-Elite Contest ......... 20 EMPIRICAL LITERATURE .................................................................................................... 21 2.9. Political Elites Contest and Bargaining of Different Countries ......................................... 21 2.9.1. South Africa‘s Experience ........................................................................................................ 21 2.9.2. Switzerland‘s Experience .......................................................................................................... 22 2.9.3. India‘s Experience..................................................................................................................... 22 CHAPTER THREE .................................................................................................................... 24 METHODOLOGY OF THE STUDY ....................................................................................... 24 III Introduction ............................................................................................................................... 24 3.1. Research Approach ............................................................................................................ 24 3.2. Research Design ................................................................................................................. 25 3.2.1 Methods of Data collection ........................................................................................................ 25 3.2.1.1. Interview ............................................................................................................................ 26 3.2.1.2. Personal Observation ......................................................................................................... 26 3.2.1.3. Document Analysis ...........................................................................................................