Index A Arenicolites isp . , 21 , 46 , 64 , 70 , 85 , 88 Abarenicola pacifi ca , 105 Aristopentapodiscus , 373 Acanthichnus , 454 Artichnus , 21 , 43 , 93 Acropentapodiscus , 373 Artichnus pholeoides , 9 4 Acunaichnus dorregoensis , 390 Asaphoidichnus , 454 Ademosynidae , 195 Asencio Formation , 344 Adephagan beetles , 201 Asiatoceratodus , 238 Agua de la Peña Group , 192 Asteriacites , 9 , 21 , 43 , 44 , 66 Alcyonidiopsis , 280 , 283 Asteriacites lumbricalis , 42 , 67 Allocotichnus , 454 Asterosoma , 21 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 63 , 65 , 68 , 69 , 76 , Ameghinichnus , 372 , 373 78 , 85 , 89 , 95 Ameghinichnus patagonicu s , 372 Asterosoma coxii , 5 2 Amphibiopodiscus , 373 Asterosoma ludwigae , 5 2 Anachalcos mfwangani , 346 Asterosoma radiciformis , 5 2 Anchisauripus , 6 , 8 Asterosoma striata , 5 2 Ancorichnus , 4 5 Asterosoma surlyki , 5 2 Angulata Zone , 7 , 11 Atreipus , 6 , 8 , 147 Angulichnus , 454 Australopithecus , 413 Anomoepus , 6–8 Australopiths , 411 Anthropoidipes ameriborealis , 437 Avolatichnium , 192 Anyao Formation , 198 Azolla ferns , 202 Apatopus , 5 , 6 , 146 Arachnomorphichnus , 454 Arachnostega , 21 , 45 , 46 , 49 , 61 B Aragonitermes teruelensis , 335 Baissatermes lapideus , 335 Arariperhinus monnei , 335 Baissoferidae , 211 , 216 Archaeonassa , 34 , 62 , 223 , 454 Balanoglossites , 4 6 Archaeonassa fossulata , 192 Barberichnus bonaerensis , 304 Archeoentomichnus metapolypholeos , 320 Barrancapus , 5 Archosaur trackways , 6 Bathichnus paramoudrae , 8 0 Archosaurs , 137 , 138 , 140 , 143 , 145–147 , 160 Batrachopus , 6 , 7 Arcichnus , 21 , 43 , 44 , 454 Bauplan , 332 Arenicolites , 10–12 , 46 , 189 , 194 , 244 B. coronus , 209 © Springer Science+Business Media Dordrecht 2016 475 M.G. Mángano, L.A. Buatois (eds.), The Trace-Fossil Record of Major Evolutionary Events, Topics in Geobiology 40, DOI 10.1007/978-94-017-9597-5 476 Index Beaconites , 316 , 324 Camborygma , 181 , 189 , 194 , 215 , 325 , 331 , Beaconites antarcticus , 209 341 , 347 Beaconites fi liformis , 308 Camborygma araioklados , 320 Behavioral convergence , 241–244 Camborygma eumekenomos , 315 , 320 Belostomatidae , 195 Camborygma Ichnofacies , 330 , 331 , 333 , 340 Bestiopeda bestia , 375 Camborygma litonomos , 315 Bestiopeda sanguinolenta , 375 Camborygma symplokonomos , 315 , 320 Bichordites , 4 1 Cambrian Evolutionary Fauna (CEF) , 20 Bichordites kuzunensis , 4 2 Canipeda longigriffa , 375 Biformites , 454 Cantabritermes simplex , 335 Bifurcatichnus , 454 Cardioichnus , 4 1 Bifurculapes , 192 , 454 Caririchnium , 206 Biostratigraphic resolution , 288–289 Carnivorous archosaur trackways ( Apatopus ) , 6 Biotal revolutions , 231–233 Carpatichnis , 454 Bipedalism Castrichnus , 242 , 344 3D imaging , 414 Castrichnus incolumis , 303 foot architecture , 414 Catastrophic vs. gradual extinction , 289–290 footprints , 412 Caulostrepsis , 53 , 57 , 60 , 61 , 92 group-of-three scenario , 414 Cave bear cults , 426 Laetoli trackways , 413 Cave paintings , 426–427 non-hominin Laetoli track , 415 Cellicalichnus , 347 paleontologic context , 413 Cellicalichnus antiquus , 332 sedimentologic signifi cance , 414 Cellicalichnus chubutensis , 316 , 338 trackmaker height , 412 Cellicalichnus dakotensis , 338 volcaniclastic sediments , 415 Cellicalichnus fi coides , 310 Bivalve-produced ichnogenera , 35–40 , Cellicalichnus meniscatus , 316 , 325 , 332 55–56 Celliforma , 242 , 309 , 324 , 339 , 344 Bivalves Celliforma germanica , 338 , 346 epifaunal and semi-infaunal taxa , 35 Celliforma ichnofacies , 340 evolutionary diversifi cation , 35 Celliforma nuda , 309 seagrasses and mangroves , 40 Celliforma rosellii , 346 tellinaceans , 40 Celliforma spirifer , 338 , 346 Blood feeding, dinosaur hosts , 278–279 Cenomanian–Turonian transition in Europe , 79 Blue Lias Formation , 11 Cenozoic diversity , 458 Bornichnus , 46 , 52 Cenozoic main radiation , 377 Brachiosauridae , 148 Cenozoic mammalian footprints , 373–376 , Brachychirotherium , 6 , 138 , 146 , 147 , 188 379–398 Brakeland formations , 328 Cenozoic radiation, mammals Branchiopods , 202 Antofagasta , 389 Brasilichnium , 6 , 188 biogeographic differentiation , 379 Brasilichnium elusivum , 373 Claromecó , 389 Brontopodus , 147 Faunistic Content , 376–379 Bryopompilus interfector , 337 footprints , 373 Bucklandi Zone , 11 assemblages , 390–394 Burejospermum , 331 and bones , 376 Burmomyrma rossi , 337 fossil , 376 Kayra , 381 Langui , 381–382 C Paruro , 381 Caballichnus impersonalis , 388–389 Quebrada de la Troya , 383 , 385 Calceocannabius , 388 Quebrada del Yeso , 383 Calceoformites , 5 record , 372 Camarasaurs , 148 inhabit , 371 Camarichnus , 458 K/T transition , 371 Index 477 mammal-age systems , 375 Cretonitis copripes , 345 Monte Hermoso , 390 Cretoserica latitibialis , 335 Pehuen-Có , 390 Cretotaenia pallipes , 214 South American , 375 Cretotrigona prisca , 335 Vinchina Basin , 382–385 Crime Scene Investigation (CSI) , 412 Cenozoic South American mammal , 379–390 Crocodilians tracks , 6 Cenozoic succession , 387 Crustacean-produced ichnotaxa , 24–32 , 59 Cenozoic Track Record, South American Callianassinae , 33 Mammals , 379–390 Cretaceous , 32 Central Atlantic Magmatic Province (CAMP) , decapod burrows , 33 2 , 6 , 12 Decapod excavations , 32 Chaoboridae , 202 detritus-feeding shrimp , 33 Characeae , 229 Jurassic , 32 Characichnos , 188 macroevolutionary analysis , 24 Chironomidae , 202 Mesozoic , 32 , 33 Chirotherium , 138 Neogene , 33 Chondrites , 9–12 , 21 , 46 , 47 , 62 , 64 , 65 , 68 , ophiomorphids , 24 70 , 71 , 76 , 78 , 80–82 , 90 , 96 , 280 , Order Decapoda , 24 283 , 284 , 289 paleoecological data , 24 Chondrites ichnoguild , 81 Paleogene , 33 Chondrites targionii , 283 Phanerozoic , 32 Chresmodidae , 201 , 210 , 216 post-Paleozoic shallow-marine Chubutolithes , 344 ichnofaunas , 32 Chuí Formation , 33 Protocallianassinae , 33 Cicatricula , 5 4 thalassinidean , 24 Circolites , 53 , 56 , 83 Triassic , 32 Circulichnis , 454 Cruziana , 5 , 9 , 10 , 187 , 188 , 242 , 454 , 466 Cladichnus , 303 Cruziana problematica , 192 Climactichnites , 34 , 454 Cubiculum , 461 Clionoides , 54 , 57 Culicoides , 278 , 279 Clionolithes , 54 , 73 Culicoides bullus , 278 , 279 Cochlichnus , 5 , 189 , 223 , 454 Culicoides canadensis , 278 , 279 Cochlichnus anguineus , 189 , 192 , 198 , 209 Culicoides fi lapalpis , 278 Coenagronidae , 228 Cunctichnus , 5 8 Coenobichnus , 21 , 24 , 31 , 32 , 454 Curvolithus , 47 , 48 , 454 Coleoptera , 182 Curvolithus simplex , 7 7 Colymbothetidae , 195 Cylindrichnus , 9 , 21 , 46 , 47 , 52 , 63 , 68 , 70 , Conopsoides , 454 7 6 , 9 0 Copeza , 454 Cylindrichnus concentricus (Cy ) , 65 Coprinisphaera , 242 , 303 , 324 , 343–345 Cylindrichnus-Rosselia ichnoguild , 64 Coprinisphaera Ichnofacies , 301 , 337 , 340 , 343 , 344 , 348 Copris leakeyorum , 346 D Coptoclava longipoda , 214 Dagnichnus , 325 , 332 , 347 Coptoclavidae , 195 , 211 Dagnichnus titoi , 332 Corduliidae , 228 Dasyleptid bristletails , 195 Corythosaurus , 278 , 279 Davichnia , 454 Couches Rouges , 380 Deep-tier Chondrites isp. , 65 , 78 Cretaceous–Paleocene boundary , 86 Deep-tier Phycosiphon incertum (Ph) , 6 5 Cretaceous–Paleogene phase , 87 Dendroctonus , 277 Cretaceous–Paleolake Baissa , 240 Dendroichnites , 225 Cretaceous Western Interior Seaway of North Dictyothylakos , 331 America , 77 Dicynodontipus , 188 Cretochaulus lacustris , 214 Didymaulichnus , 454 478 Index Didymaulichnus lyelli , 192 Egbellichnus jordidegiberti , 225 Digitichnus , 304 Electrobatinae , 230 Dilophosaurus , 8 Empididae , 212 Dimorphichnus , 454 End-Cretaceous extinction and ecosystem Dinopentapodiscus , 373 change Dinosauromorphs , 139–142 biogeographic ranges , 268 Dinosaurs , 136 , 137 , 139–141 , 149–154 , continental realm , 266 , 267 160 , 161 ecological disruption , 269–286 early diversifi cation , 144–145 ecospace , 269 origin and history , 142–147 extraterrestrial causation , 265 replacement dynamics , 145–147 feeding clades , 268 skeletal , 145 insect lineages , 266 timing of appearance , 143–144 K-Pg boundary , 266 Diplichnites , 5 , 187 , 192 , 324 , 327 , 454 , 466 K-Pg event , 267–269 Diplocraterion , 4 , 5 , 7 , 9–12 , 21 , 48 , 64 , 68 , macrobenthic colonization , 284–285 7 0 , 7 6 , 8 5 , 8 8 macrobenthic tracemaker community , 283 Diplocraterion habichi , 6 8 marine realm , 266 Diplocraterion parallelum , 64 , 69 , 71 , 77 mass extinction , 267–268 Diplopodichnus , 187 , 324 , 454 recovery phase , 268 Diplopodichnus biformis , 192 terrestrial and freshwater habitats , 266 Diptera , 182 , 196 vertebrate lineages , 266 Dromaeosauripus , 206 End-Triassic mass extinction , 1–14 , 62 , 464 Dry Biome , 185–186 Entobia , 5 4 Duquettichnus kooli , 373 Environmental shifts , 467–468 Dysoneuridae , 211 , 216 Eoameghinichnus , 373 Dytiscidae , 195 Eopentapodiscus , 373 Eosauropus , 6 Epeorominidae , 200 E Ephemeroptera , 196 Eatonichnus , 242 , 339 , 341 , 344 , 345 Ericichnus , 458 Eatonichnus claronensis , 315 Etterwindichnus , 454 Eatonichnus uthaensis , 315 Eubrontes , 6–8 , 145 Echinocardium cordatum , 4 1 Eubrontes giganteus , 8 Echinocardium group , 41 , 105 Eucommiidite , 206 Echinoderm-produced ichnotaxa , 41 , 56 Eufl abella , 21 , 48 , 52 , 84 , 102 Atelostomata , 43 Eumacrauchenichnus patachonicus , 390 Cretaceous and Cenozoic , 43 Euproopichnus , 454 deep-burrowing irregular echinoids , 40 Evazoum , 6 , 188 diverse marine groups , 40 early Paleozoic , 42 fascioles , 43 F holothurids , 43 Falsatorichnum , 388 , 389 irregular echinoids , 40 Falsatorichnum calceocannabius , 387 Modern Evolutionary Fauna , 44 Feeding community , 280–283