SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE A DISSERTATION Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of the degree of MASTER OF TECHNOLOGY in CIVIL ENGINEERING (With Specialization in Computer Aided Design) By RANJEET KUMAR • DEPARTMENT OF CIVIL ENGINEERING INDIAN INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY ROORKEE ROORKEE - 247 667 (INDIA) JUNE, 2006 CANDIDATE'S DECLARATION I hereby declare that the work which is presented in this dissertation titled "SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT FOR MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE " being submitted by me in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the award of Master of Technology in Civil Engineering with the specialization in Computer Aided Design in Civil Engineering at the I.I.T. Roorkee is a authentic work carried by me under supervision of Dr. PRAVEEN KUMAR, Associate Professor in Transportation Engineering, I.I.T. Roorkee. r \4■-tw-c4.- (RANJEET KUMAR) M.Tech. (CAD) Place: Roorkee Department of Civil Engineering Date: 2C IsCia6 Roorkee CERTIFICATE This is to certify that the above declaration made by candidate is correct to the best of my knowledge. (Dr. PRAVEEN KUMAR) Associate Professor Transportation Engineering Place: Roorkee Civil Engineering Department Date: 246416.6 Roorkee ACKNOWLEDGEMENT I wish to express my most sincere appreciation and deep sense of gratitude to Dr. Praveen Kumar, Associate professor in Transportation Engineering, I.I.T. Roorkee, Roorkee for the fruitful discussions, kind help, continued encouragement and invaluable guidance enabling me to bring this dissertation report in the present form. I am extremely grateful to all of my friends, colleagues and well-wishers for their candid help, meaningful suggestions and persistent encouragement given to me from time to time, which went a long way in bringing this work to its present state. &xi ee 14tAiiteOtie (Ranjeet Kumar) ii ABSTRACT The main objective of this dissertation report is to present an overview of the software development of multipath route assignment technique. At first four stage transportation planning is discussed. The last stage is route assignment. Mainly there are four techniques for route assignment i.e. all-or-nothing assignment, capacity restraint technique, multipath-technique, and diversion curves technique. The choice of routes in the development of transportation planning depends upon certain parameters like journey time, distance, cost, comfort, and safety. In this report, I have to discuss about capacity restraint multipath route assignment technique and to develop software for route assignment by this technique. In all the above four techniques, Multipath route assignment technique conforms to the real-life traffic situation and also is accurate. The software developed for route assignment is in visual basic. The software is user friendly and any one can use easily without any difficulty. The software gives output in both text and graphical form. It gives result for both multipath route assignment and capacity restrained multipath route assignment technique. In this software iterations are stopped after establishing equilibrium between traffic entering at origin equal to traffic reach at destination. The main aim of capacity restrained multipath route assignment technique is that the volume at any link not greater than the capacity of that link. For this we have to use a factor equal to the ratio of assigned volume to capacity of that link which is greater than 1. The link is used as redundant link, which has factor greater than 1 and after that new volume is assigned to each link by dividing the assigned volume to factor calculated. Again multipath route assignment technique is applied to calculate the final volume to each link. In this technique, attempts have been done to overcome the drawbacks of "all-or-nothing assignment" and "capacity restraint technique". iii CONTENTS S.N. TOPIC PAGE NO. CERTIFICATE ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ii ABSTRACT iii LIST OF FIGURES vi LIST OF TABLES viii 1. INTRODUCTION 1-3 1.1 GENERAL 1 1.2 NEED OF STUDY 1 1.3 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 2 1.4 THESSIS ORGANIZATION 3 2. LITERATURE REVIEW 4-13 2.1 GENERAL 4 2.2 HISTORICAL CONTEXT 4 2.3 CASE STUDIES CONDUCTED ABROAD 5 2.4 CASE STUDIES CONDUCTED IN INDIA 11 3. TRANSPORTATION PLANNING 14-22 3.1 GENERAL 14 3.2 TRAVEL DEMAND FORECAST 15 3.3 SEQUENTIAL DEMAND FORECASTING MODELS 15 3.3.1 Trip Generation 17 3.3.2 Trip Distribution 19 3.3.3 Modal Choice 20 3.3.4 Route Assignment 21 4. ROUTE ASSIGNMENT 23-38 4.1 GENERAL 23 4.2 GENERAL PRINCIPLE 23 4.3 ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 24 iv S.N. TOPIC PAGENO. 4.3.1 All-or-Nothing Assignment 24 4.3.2 Capacity Restraint Technique 26 4.3.3 Multipath Route Assignment 28 4.3.4 Diversion Curves Technique 32 4.4 ELEMENTS OF TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT 34 4.5 PRACTICAL PROBLEMS IN TRAFFIC ASSIGNMENT 37 5. SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT 39-56 5.1 GENERAL 39 5.2 SOFTWARE REVIEW 39 5.3 SOFTWARE PRINCIPLE 40 5.4 SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT PROCEDURE 41 5.5 FLOW CHART 44 5.6 MODULE OF SOFTWARE 49 5.7 FEATURES OF SOFTWARE 56 6. VALIDATION OF THE SOFTWARE 57-96 6.1 GENERAL 57 6.2 DATA FOR VALIDATION 57 6.3 ANALYSIS OF DATA 58 6.3.1 Manual Analysis 58 6.3.2 Computer Analysis 80 6.4 COMPARISION OF RESULTS 96 7. CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATION 97 7.1 CONCLUSIONS 97 7.2 RECOMMENDATION 97 REFERENCES 98-100 APPENDIX 101-126 LIST OF FIGURES F.N. TITLES PAGE NO. 3.1 THE SEQUENTIAL DEMAND FORECASTING PROCESS 16 3.2 ESTIMATION OF TRIP DISTRIBUTION 20 3.3 MODAL CHOICE MODEL 21 3.4 FOUR STAGE TRANSPORTATION PLANNING PROCESS 22 5.1 SCREEN PRINT OF GENERAL MODULE 49 5.2 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT DATA 1 MODULE 50 5.3 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT DATA 2 MODULE 51 5.4 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT DATA 3 MODULE 52 5.5 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT DATA 4 MODULE 53 5.6 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT DATA 5 MODULE 54 5.7 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT RESULT MODULE 55 6.1 INITIAL ROAD NETWORK AND THEIR DISTANCE 57 6.2 SHORTEST PATH DISTANCE FOR EACH NODE TO DESTINATION 59 6.3 CALCULATED TRAFFIC VOLUMES AT EACH LINK (15 ITERATION) 69 6.4 READJUSTED TRAFFIC VOLUMES AT EACH LINK 70 6.5 ROAD NETWORK AND THEIR DISTANCE 71 6.6 FINAL TRAFFIC VOLUMES AT EACH LINK (15 ITERATION) 79 6.7 SCREEN PRINT OF ENTERING NO.OF NODE AND NO.OF LINK 80 6.8 SCREEN PRINT OF ENTERING COORDINATE OF EACH LINK 81 6.9 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT OF TRAVEL TIME FOR EACH LINK 82 6.10 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT OF LINK CAPACITY 83 6.11 SCREEN PRINT OF INPUT OF TRAFFIC FLOW FROM ORIGIN DESTINATION 84 6.12 SCREEN PRINT OF RESULT MODULE 85 6.13 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF SHORTEST PATH BY MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 86 vi F.N. TITLES PAGE NO. 6.14 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF CALCULATED DISTANCE OF EACH LINK BY MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 87 6.15 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF PROBABILITY MATRIX BY MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 88 6.16 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF TRAFFIC VOLUME BY MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 89 . 6.17 SCREEN PRINT OF PICTORIAL VIEW OF OUTPUT BY MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 90 6.18 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF SHORTEST PATH BY CAPACITY RESTRAINT ROUTE ASSIGNMENT MULTIPATH TECHNIQUE 91 6.19 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF CALCULATED DISTANCE OF EACH LINK BY CAPACITY RESTRAINT MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 92 6.20 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF PROBABILITY MATRIX BY CAPACITY RESTRAINT MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 93 6.21 SCREEN PRINT OF OUTPUT OF TRAFFIC VOLUME BY CAPACITY RESTRAINT MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 94 6.22 SCREEN PRINT OF PICTORIAL VIEW OF OUTPUT BY CAPACITY RESTRAINT MULTIPATH ROUTE ASSIGNMENT TECHNIQUE 95 vii LIST OF TABLES T.N. TITLE PAGE NO. 5.1 SOFTWARE PACKAGES AND DEVELOPER 40 6.1 ROAD NETWORK DATA 58 6.2 TRAFFIC VOLUME CALCULATED DATA 96 viii CHAPTER- 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 GENERAL Transportation contributes to the economic, industrial, social and cultural development of any country. Transportation is vital for the economic development of any region since every commodity produced whether it is food, clothing, industrial products or medicine needs transport at all stages from production to distribution. It is not only the key infrastructural input for the growth process but also plays a significant role in promoting national integration, which is particularly important in a large country like India. The transport system also plays an important role of promoting the development of the backward regions and integrating them with the mainstream economy by opening them to trade and investment. In a liberalized set up, an efficient transport network becomes all the more important in order to increase productivity and enhancing the competitive efficiency of the economy in the world market. In the production stage, transportation is required for carrying raw materials like seeds, manure, coal, steel etc. In the distribution stage, transportation is required from the production centers viz; farms and factories to the marketing centers and later to the retailers and consumers for distribution. The inadequate transportation facilities retard the process of socio-economic development of country. The adequacy of transportation system of a country indicates its economic and social development. In addition, the road system also provides linkages to other modes such as Railways, Airports, Ports and Inland Waterway Transport, and complements the efforts of these modes in meeting the needs of transportation. 1.2 NEED OF THE STUDY The subject matter of transportation planning is to plan a transportation network for efficient, comfortable and safe traffic operations at minimal cost.