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XXI NO. 1 JANUARY 1972 PUBLISHED MONTHLY IN ENGLISH, FRENCH, SPANISH, ARABIC and RUSSIAN BY THE CHINA WELFARE INSTITUTE (SOONG CHING LING, CHAIRMAN) CONTENTS THE BEGINNING OF A NEW ERA Soong Ching Ling 2 CHINESE DELEGATION SPEAKS AT THE UNITED NATIONS 6 SOME BASIC FACTS ABOUT THE PEOPLE'S COMMUNES 10 SANDSTONE HOLLOW'S TWENTY-YEAR BAT TLE Chang Kuei-shun 14 KOREAN, ROMANIAN AND JAPANESE ART ISTS IN CHINA 21 DOMINGOS, IMMORTAL AFRICAN FIGHTER 26 CHANGES IN THE BIG FOREST Ma Yung-shun 28 TRAINING DEER FOR HERDING 35 LIVING IN CHINA (POEM) Rewi Alley 36 LANGUAGE CORNER; AN EXAMPLE OF COVER PICTURES: SERVING THE PEOPLE 37 Front: A researcher of the Chinese Academy of DETERMINING INSULIN CRYSTAL STRUC Sciences constructs a model TURE—ANOTHER STEP FORWARD IN showing the spatial structure PROTEIN RESEARCH 38 of insulin, based on analysis of an electron density map CHINA'S GEOGRAPHY: THE RIVERS OF (see story on p. 38). CHINA 41 Inside front: A new oilfield STAMPS: TAKING TIGER MOUNTAIN BY ' in Chinghai province. STRATEGY 45 Back: A view of the Ichun forest area in the Lesser NOTABLE PROGRESS IN CHINA'S INDUSTRY Khingan Mountains in north AND AGRICULTURE 46 east China (see story on p. 28). Inside bock: Wheat harvest at the Pei-an County State Editorial Office: Wot Wen Building, Peking (37), China. Farm, Heilungkiang prov- Coble: "CHIRECON" Peking. General Distributor; GUOZI SHUDIAN, P.O. Box 399, Peking, China. The Beginning of a N The announced visit of the U.S. crafts. In the realm of production, President to Peking has arous banking, communications and ed excitement throughout the en transport, state enterprises stood tire world. During the Korean side by side with numerous War he urged the bombing of cooperatives — cooperatives for China, but now he is ready to open agriculture, animal husbandry and a dialogue with the Chinese lead fishing as well as those for credit ers. A year before his election and for carrying on various kinds President Nixon asserted in an of manufacture. Thus capitalist article; "Any American policy exploitation began to be eliminated toward Asia must come urgently and the Chinese people organized to grips with the reality of China." a brand-new system of livelihood. The reality of China during the Then the people took a long step past twenty years has brought towards socialism. They dealt about his new realization, and this heavy blows at aU kinds of anti- must be true for many others. revolutionary elements and estab What then is the reality of China? lished people's communes. In every In brief it is this: During the commune, land is collectively past twenty-two years the Chinese owned and cultivated. A com Communist Party, a party whose mune often builds its own fac deeds are true to its words, tories, manages its own mines, has led the people of China in organizes its own schools and ad building up a socialist state worthy ministers its own affairs. It is the of the name of People's Republic; basic unit of our socialist state moreover, the Chinese people power in the countryside. are now fighting shoulder-to- The basic socialist idea has long shoulder with the other peoples been expressed by Chairman Mao abroad — we are supporting each Tsetung as "Serve the People". other in heroic efforts to bring For it is the people, and only the about peace and prosperity. A people who create the world. We new era, the era of the people, is must measure the virility and merit being initiated. of our work by the yardstick of Twenty years ago, at a time how far it brings benefits to the when this magazine — China Re people in general. Chairman Mao constructs — was first published, calls on us to "be prepared against people in China were devoting war, be prepared against natural their efforts to aiding Korea and disasters, and do everything for resisting U.S. aggression, to reha the people". bilitating the national economy, to Before our national liberation, distributing agricultural lands and modern industrial establishments establishing a system of appor were concentrated along the coast, tioning housing, grain and cotton especially in the Shanghai region. for cloth, all on the general prin But now, as we move in the direc ciple of equality. Then they carried tion pointed out by Chairman Mao, \ out the socialist transformation numerous brand-new industrial of industry, agriculture and handi units have sprung up like spring- ti\ time bamboo-shoots all over the dustry. Thus, commodities for country. The wide distribution of daily consumption have on the factories and mines in every prov whole not been short or lacking, ince greatly facilitates our service except for a three-year period of to the people. A little more than natural calamities. And after it, led twenty years ago China's industry by the Communist Party, the peo was the property of foreign im ple quickly restored production to perialist investors and Chinese its former scale and rate of progress. capitalists who cared only for their Revolution has radically changed own profits. But now, under state the character of military ser and collective ownership, industrial vice. Whereas before the feudal production is solely for the benefit army was merely the tool of war of the people. Moreover, the de lords, now the people's army velopment of light industry has not helps in nearly all kinds of civil lagged behind that of heavy in activities. Soldiers and army Blast furnaces at the Wuhan Iron and Steel Works on the Yangtze River. v>V; •• V. • C t • • • • ' . —. Children of socialist China. cadres are now working on farms, Few people are sullen. The people It is said that foreign policy is building railways and helping to appreciate the fact that they them an extension of domestic politics. supervise the administration of selves are the masters. Thus the foreign affairs of a truly factories, mines and schools. The countryside, which contains socialist state are logically linked During the cultural revolution they the major proportion of the popula with an internationalism which is have given much assistance to the tion, is being served by more roads beneficial to all peoples abroad, young Red Guards in their revolu but not to any of the imperialist and more vehicles than ever be tionary activities. Often it is said fore. More and more cooperatives industrial-military cliques. Just in China that armymen and civil as China's policy at home is to for credit and commerce serve the ians work together side by side rural areas, all under the supervi serve the people, her foreign policy and mix with each other "like sion of the people's communes. is to benefit the people all over the water mixes with milk". One of the aims of establishing so world. China does not go in for This is the era of the people. cialism is to wipe out the obvious investments to bring in exorbitant profit, for interference or exploi Chairman Mao teaches us that to difference in living standard be tation. She is for international mu serve the people is the highest tween the urban and the rural ideal of life. We should love the population. Today millions of tual help. A new era has begun. people and hate their enemies; we cadres and school graduates have For years, many friendly coun must either overthrow our enemies gone to the rural areas, and many tries have worked tirelessly to or be oppressed by and even of them have already established restore China's legitimate rights in slaughtered by them. new homes there. As more and the United Nations. The 26th Keep politics firmly in com more factories and mines are being Session of the United Nations mand, launch vigorous mass move opened in the countryside and General Assembly in 1971 adopted ments in our work, carry out the production steadily increases, the by an overwhelming majority the tasks of struggle-criticism-trans people's standard of living is ob resolution sponsored by Albania, formation — these are our guides viously improving. Algeria and 21 other countries to for our daily tasks. Day by day In Sinkiang, Inner Mongolia, restore all China's legitimate rights these ideas are being inculcated Tibet and other regions where in the United Nations and to im mediately expel the Chiang Kai- throughout the land. Thus all China's minority nationalities live working people in China are con in compact communities, socialist shek clique. This is a victory for scientiously striving for peace and development has been and is Chairman Mao's proletarian revolu prosperity, and, when necessary, being helped by the people of the tionary line in foreign policy. It is they will defend their power and more advanced provinces. Selected a victory for all the countries which national independence with all cadres, technicians and soldiers as uphold justice in the United Na their might. well as young school graduates tions and a victory for the people throughout the world. Among the people in China there have been sent to these regions to is a prevailing atmosphere and assist the local people in hastening Chairman Mao prophesies that general feeling of solidarity. They progress on the tasks of construc the next 50 to 100 years, beginning understand their common duty to tion. Numerous local cadres have from now, will be a great era of build up a peaceful and prosperous now also been trained to handle radical change in the social system society for themselves and for their the various jobs.