Mobility behaviour in different car sharing variants SHARE North Webinar, 15 March 2019 Gunnar Nehrke, Bundesverband CarSharing e.V. This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Car sharing in Germany Car sharing market (as of 01.01.2019) – 20.200 Car sharing cars – 2.460.000 Customers – 740 Cities with car sharing (7 big cities with free-floating services) – 165 Operators Bundesverband CarSharing e.V. – since 1998 – 151 Operators This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Market segments in Germany Number of customers Biggest operators (by number of vehicles) Free-floating Roundtrip Roundtrip Free-floating Number of vehicles This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Impact of car sharing on urban mobility Less space consumption: Up to 20 private cars substituted by 1 car sharing car* *Result for roundtrip car sharing in 16 inner city areas in Germany bcs 2016 This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Impact of car sharing on urban mobility Change of mobility behaviour: More trips done with sustainable modes Subjective change in travel behaviour in households that got car-free directly before or after joining car sharing. Results for roundtrip car sharing in 16 inner city areas in Germany bcs 2016 This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 STARS case study in Germany Aim: Study the differences in mobility behaviour and attitudes towards car sharing … in different car sharing variants … under controllable “best practice” circumstances for car sharing adoption Study overview: Defined areas of investigation in Cologne, Frankfurt, Stuttgart 1.122 responding car sharing customers 185 non-users Online survey send out by car sharing operators (non users: white mail) Year: 2018 This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Areas of investigation Frankfurt Stuttgart Cologne This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Car sharing variants in German case study stadtmobil (Stuttgart, Frankfurt), station-based cambio (Cologne) Roundtrip homezone-based - with operational area car2go (Stuttgart, Frankfurt, Cologne) Free-floating with pool stations - Combined free-floating + roundtrip book-n-drive (Frankfurt) Peer-to-peer homezone-based Drivy (national sample) This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 User groups: Single and multiple membership Groups # of participants % Roundtrip (stationbased) 269 24,0 % Free-floating (with operational area) 190 16,9 % Peer-to-peer (homezone based) 131 11,7 % Combined (Roundtrip + Free-floating) 157 14,0 % total 747 66,6 % Roundtrip + Free-floating 159 14,2 % Roundtrip + Peer-to-peer 15 1,3 % Free-floating + Peer-to-peer 64 5,7 % Combined + Roundtrip 38 3,4 % Combined + Free-floating 33 2,9 % Combined + Peer-to-peer 2 0,2 % total 311 27,7 % Roundtrip + Free-floating + Peer-to-peer 30 2,7 % Combined + Roundtrip + Free-floating 34 3,0 % total 64 5,7 % This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 User groups: Focus of STARS analysis Groups # of participants % Roundtrip (stationbased) 269 24,0 % Free-floating (with operational area) 190 16,9 % Combined (Roundtrip + Free-floating) 157 14,0 % total 747 54,9 % Roundtrip + Free-floating 159 14,2 % total 906 69,1 % This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Car stock Cars per 1.000 persons in households 500 400 300 485 484 200 100 173 108 104 0 Roundtrip Combined Free-floating Roundtrip + Free- Non-User floating This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Development of car stock 95% 82% 68% 58% 42% 40% 34% 36% cars cars cars cars cars 187 98 103 193 175 Roundtrip Combined Free-floating Roundtrip + Non-User n = 269 n = 157 n = 190 Free-floating n = 184 n = 158 12 months before CS when joining CS now This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Car-free households 100% 90% 80% 81% 77% 78% 78% 70% 68% 60% 50% 54% 40% 30% 35% 32% 20% 25% 10% 0% Roundtrip Combined Free-floating Roundtrip + Non-User n = 269 n = 157 n = 190 Free-floating n = 184 n = 158 Car-free households when joining CS Car-free households now This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Parallel use of car sharing and private car? „Car sharing is an additional product to a private car.“ Roundtrip 53% 26% 9% 6% 6% Combined 57% 22% 11% 5% 6% Free-floating 13% 17% 19% 22% 29% Roundtrip + Free- 38% 30% 9% 8% 15% floating Non-User 40% 25% 14% 13% 8% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1 = strongly disagree 2 3 4 5 = strongly agree This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 What are reasons for the differences found in car sharing variants? This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Attitude towards car „Driving a car ist fun.“ Roundtrip 12% 18% 31% 29% 10% Combined 8% 17% 24% 26% 25% Free-floating 4% 8% 11% 29% 48% Roundtrip + FF 5% 15% 30% 27% 23% Non-User 11% 20% 33% 22% 14% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1 = strongly disagree 2 3 4 5 = strongly agree This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Attitude towards car sharing „Car sharing is a full replacement for a private car.“ Roundtrip 3% 11% 22% 32% 31% Combined 4% 11% 20% 25% 40% Free-floating 19% 24% 24% 20% 13% Roundtrip + FF 11% 10% 18% 31% 30% Non-User 13% 17% 28% 27% 14% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1 = strongly disagree 2 3 4 5 = strongly agree This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Satisfaction with car sharing Satisfaction with availability of cars Parallel RT/FFStatbas users + Ff:, Satisfaction with Roundtrip 3% 10% 49% 34% Zufriedenheit mit Stationsbasiert 4% Parallel RT/FFStatbas users +, Ff: 17% 19% 36% 23% 4% SatisfactionZufriedenheitwith mitFree Free-floating-floating Satisfaction with costs Parallel RT/FFStatbas users + ,Ff: 3% 27% 48% 17% SatisfactionZufriedenheitwith mitR Stationsbasiertoundtrip 4% Parallel RT/FFStatbas users +, Ff: 7% 24% 39% 24% 4% SatisfactionZufriedenheitwith mitFree Free-floating-floating 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% 1 = sehrvery unzufriedenunsatisfied 2 3 4 5 = sehrvery zufriedensatisfied This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Do car sharing variants have different impacts on other modes? This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Different patterns of car sharing use Roundtrip Free-floating Lenght of booking 5:43 7:38 0:30 0:48 (h) Distance travelled 53 84 9 13 (km) CiteeCar, Flinkster, car2go, DriveNow, München, München, München, München, EVA-CS EVA-CS EVA-CS Kopp 2015 This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Different use-cases in different variants Roundtrip & combined: Longer and planned trips (e.g. bulk shopping, trip out of town, visit friends in another town) = classic use-cases for a car Free-floating: Spontanous, short inner-city trips (e.g. dinner in a restaurant, shopping in the city) = new use-cases for a car (triggered by ability to go one-way) This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Example 1: Trip purposes and car sharing Bulk shopping Roundtrip 15% 41% 41% 3% Combined 15% 41% 40% 5% Free-floating 66% 15% 17% 2% Roundtrip + FF 26% 42% 30% 3% Non-user 61% 30% 9% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Private car CarSharing PT+Bike+Walking Other This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Example 2: Trip purposes and car sharing Going to a restaurant for dinner Roundtrip 4% 1% 94% 2% Combined 2% 5% 93% Free-floating 19% 20% 61% 1% Roundtrip + FF 6% 8% 84% 1% Non-user 10% 84% 6% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% Private car CarSharing PT + Bike + Walking Other This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Change in mode-use because of car sharing: PT „After joining car sharing i use public transport …“ Roundtrip 24% 10% Combined 19% 12% Free-floating 11% 34% Roundtrip + FF 22% 18% 0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100% … more often … as often … less often This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Frequency of car sharing use 60% 50% 53% 45% 40% 41% 37% 30% 33% 31% 31% 27% 20% 17% 18% 15% 15% 10% 13% 11% 11% 2% 0% Peer-to-peer StationsbasiertRoundtrip CombinedKombiniert FreeFree-floating-floating Peer-to-peer CarSharing mind.Minimum 1 x pro1 per Woche week mind.Minimum 1 x 1im per Monat month mind.Minimum 1 x 1im in halben6 months Jahr mind.Minimum 1 x 1 imper Jahr year This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Public transport seasonal tickets 100% 90% 80% 70% 60% 50% 40% 68% 66% 30% 55% 47% 47% 20% 38% 10% 0% Roundtrip Combined Free-floating Peer-to-peer Roundtrip + FF Non-User This project has received funding from the Horizon 2020 programme under grant agreement n°769513 Conclusions In inner-city urban areas with good availability of car sharing and public transport: Free-floating car sharing is often used parallel to private car.