1990UnitedNationsList ofNationalParksand ProtectedAreas ListedesNationsUnies desParesNationauxetdes AiresProtegees1990 IUCN—TheWorldConservationUnion 1990UnitedNationsListofNationalParks andProtectedAreas ListedesNationsUniesdesPares NationauxetdesAiresProtegees1990 Thls One 57UR-ENQ-AUN1 Publishedby: IUCN,Gland,SwitzerlandandCambridge,UK PreparedandpublishedwiththesupportofUnesco AcontributiontoGEMS-theGlobalEnvironmentMonitoringSystem Copyright: 1990InternationalUnionforConservationofNatureandNatural Resources Reproductionofthispublicationforeducationalorothernon commercialpurposesisauthorisedwithoutpriorpermissionfromthe copyrightholder. Reproductionforresaleorothercommercialpurposesisprohibited withoutthepriorwrittenpermissionofthecopyrightholder. Citation: IUCN(1990).7990UnitedNationsListofNationalParksand ProtectedAreas.IUCN,Gland,SwitzerlandandCambridge,UK. 284pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0032-9 Printedby: AvonLithoLimited,Stratford-upon-Avon,UK Coverdesignby: IUCNPublicationsServicesUnit Coverphotographs:BartholomeIsland,Galapagos;NamibDesert,Namibia;Wetlandin KakaduNationalPark,Australia-J.W.Thorsell:BaobabAdansonia grandidieri,Madagascar-MartinNicoll ProducedbytheIUCNPublicationsServicesUnitondesktoppublishing equipmentpurchasedthroughagiftfromMrsJuliaWard. Availablefrom: IUCNPublicationsServicesUnit, 219cHuntingdonRoad,Cambridge,CB3ODL,UK Thedesignationsofgeographicalentitiesinthisbook,andthepresentationofthematerial,do notimplytheexpressionofanyopinionwhatsoeveronthepartofIUCN,UnescoorWCMC concerningthelegalstatusofanycountry,territory,orarea,orofitsauthorities,orconcerning thedelimitationofitsfrontiersandboundaries. 1990UnitedNationsListofNationalParks andProtectedAreas ListedesNationsUniesdesPares NationauxetdesAiresProtegees1990 Preparedbythe WorldConservationMonitoringCentre andthe IUCNCommissiononNationalParksandProtectedAreas Prepareepar leCentremondialdesurveillancecontinuedelaconservationdelanature et laCommissiondesparcsnationauxetdesairesprotegeesdeI'UICN IUCN-THEWORLDCONSERVATIONUNION UICN-L'ALLIANCEMONDIALEPOURLANATURE 1990 Publie'par: 1'UICN,Gland,SuisseetCambridge,Royaume-Uni. Prepareeetpublieeaveclacontributionde1'Unesco. PreparedanslecadreduGEMS-Systememondialdesurveillance continuede1'environnement. 1990Unioninternationalepourlaconservationdelanatureetdeses ressources Lareproductiondestextesdecettepublicationa desfinsnon commercialesetnotammenteducativesestautoriseeaveclapermission prealabledudetenteurdesdroitsd'auteur. Lareproductionadesfinscommercialesetnotammentenvuedelavente estinterditesanspermissionecriteprealabledudetenteurdesdroits d'auteur. Citation: UICN(1990).UstedesNationsUniesdesParcsNationauxetdesAires Protigies1990.UICN,Gland,SuisseetCambridge,Royaume-Uni. 284pp. ISBN: 2-8317-0032-9 Imprimepar: AvonLithoLimited,Stratford-upon-Avon,Royaume-Uni Couverturecon?ue:Servicedespublicationsde1'UICN Couverturephotos:HeBartolomeo,Galapagos;DesertdeNamib,Namibie;Zonehumide dansleParcnationaldeKakadu,Australie-J.W.Thorsell:Baobab Adansoniagrandidieri,Madagascar-MartinNicoll Publicationde1'UICNassist^*parordinateuretrenduepossiblegracea undondeMadameJuliaWard. Disponibleaupresdu:Servicedespublicationsde1'UICN 219cHuntingdonRoad,Cambridge,CB3ODL,Royaume-Uni Laterminologiegeographiqueemployeedanscetouvrage,dememequesapresentation,nesont enaucunemaniere1'expressiond'uneopinionquelconquedelapartde1'UICN,de1'Unescoou duCMSCencequiconcernelestatutjuridiqueou1'autoritedequelqueEtat,territoireoure'gion quecesoitouencequiconcerneladelimitationdeleursfrontieres. IUCN-THEWORLDCONSERVATIONUNION Foundedin1948,IUCN-theWorldConservationUnion-isamembershiporganisation comprisinggovernments,non-governmentalorganisations(NGOs),researchinstitutions,and conservationagenciesin120countries.TheUnion'sobjectiveistopromoteandencouragethe protectionandsustainableutilisationoflivingresources. Severalthousandscientistsandexpertsfromallcontinentsformpartofanetworksupportingthe workofitssixCommissions:threatenedspecies,protectedareas,ecology,sustainable development,environmentallaw,andenvironmentaleducationandtraining.Itsthematic programmesincludetropicalforests,wetlands,marineecosystems,plants,theSahel,Antarctica, populationandsustainabledevelopment,andwomeninconservation.Theseactivitiesenable IUCNanditsmemberstodevelopsoundpoliciesandprogrammesfortheconservationof biologicaldiversityandsustainabledevelopmentofnaturalresources. L'UICN-L'ALLIANCEMONDIALEPOURLANATURE Fondfcen1948,1'UICN,1'Alliancemondialepourlanature,estuneorganisationquicompte parmisesmembresdesEtats,desorganisationsnongouvernementales(ONG),desinstitutions derecherche,ainsiquedesorganismesdeconservation,regartisdans120pays.L'UICNapour objectifdepromouvoiretd'encouragerlaprotectionet1'utilisationdurabledesressources vivantes. Plusieursmilliersdescientifiquesetd'expertsdescinqcontinentsformantunreseausurlequel s'appuientlessixcommissionsde1'UICN:especesmenacees,airesprotegees,ecologie, developpementdurable,droitde1'environnement,etEducationetformationenmatiere d'environnement.Sesprogrammessp&iauxcomprennentlesforetstropicales,leszones humides,lesIcosystemesmarins,lesplants,leSahel,1'Antarctique,lapopulationetle developpementdurable,ainsiquelesfemmesetlaconservation.Graceacesactivity's,1'UICN etsesmembressontenmesured'etablirdespolitiquesetdesprogrammespourlaconservation deladiversitebiologiqueet1'utilisationdurabledesressourcesnaturelles. WCMC-THEWORLDCONSERVATIONMONITORINGCENTRE TheWorldConservationMonitoringCentre(WCMC)isajointventurebetweenthethree partnersintheWorldConservationStrategy,IUCN-theWorldConservationUnion,theWorld WideFundforNature(WWF),andtheUnitedNationsEnvironmentProgramme(UNEP).Its missionistosupportconservationandsustainabledevelopmentbycollectingandanalysing globalconservationdatasothatdecisionsaffectingbiologicalresourcesarebasedonthebest availableinformation. WCMChasdevelopedaglobaloverviewdatabaseoftheworld'sbiologicaldiversitythat includesthreatenedplantandanimalspecies,habitatsofconservationconcern,criticalsites, protectedareasoftheworld,andtheutilisationandtradeinwildlifespeciesandproducts. Drawingonthisdatabase,WCMCprovidesaninformationservicetotheconservationand developmentcommunities,governmentsandUnitedNationsagencies,scientificinstitutions,the businessandcommercialsector,andthemedia.WCMCproducesawidevarietyofspecialist outputsandreportsbasedonanalysesofitsdata. LECMSC-LECENTREMONDIALDESURVEILLANCECONTINUE DELACONSERVATIONDELANATURE LeCentremondialdesurveillancecontinuedelaconservationdelanature(CMSC)estune entreprisecommunedestroispartenairesdelaStrategiemondialedelaconservation:1'Alliance mondialepourlanature(UICN),leFondsmondialpourlanature(WWF),etleProgrammedes NationsUniespour1'environnement(PNUE).Cecentreapourmissiond'appuyerla conservationetledeveloppementdurableenrecueillantetenanalysantdesdonneesmondiales surlaconservation,afinquelesdecisionsconcernantlesressourcesbiologiquesreposentsurles meilleursinformationsdisponibles. LeCMSCaetubliunebanquededonneessurladiversitebiologiquemondiale,quicomprend desdonneessurlesespecesanimalesetvegetalesmenacees,lesbiotopespr£occupantsdupoint devuedelaconservation,lessitescritiques,lesairesprotegees,ainsique1'utilisationetle commercedesespecesetproduitsdelafauneetdelafloresauvages.S'appuyantsurcettebanque dedonnees,leCMSCfournitunserviced'informationauxcommunautesdelaconservationet dudeVeloppement,auxgouvernements,auxinstitutionsdesNationsUnies,auxinstituts scientifiques,aumondeducommerceetdesaffaires,etauxmedias.LeCMSCpubliedetres nombreuxrapportsetdocumentsspecialises,fondessur1'analysedesesdonnees. CONTENTS Page Introduction 1 HistoryoftheUNList 1 CommissiononNationalParksandProtectedAreas 1 ProtectedAreasDataUnit 2 CriteriaforinclusionintheUNList 2 LayoutoftheUNList 3 CompilationoftheUNList 3 Accuracyandqualityofinformation 3 Acknowledgements 4 CategoriesforConservationManagement 9 UnitedNationsListofNationalParksandProtectedAreas 23 Totalnumberofsitesdesignated 212 AnalysisofInformation 213 GrowthoftheWorldCoverageofProtectedAreas(Figures1and2) 215 BiogeographicalCoverageofProtectedAreas(Table1) 217 EcologicalCoverageofProtectedAreas(Table2) 222 WorldHeritageSites 225 StatespartytotheWorldHeritageConvention(Map) 226 WorldHeritageList 227 BiosphereReserves 241 Stateswithbiospherereserves(Map) 242 Listofbiospherereserves 243 WetlandsofInternationalImportance 255 StatespartytotheRamsar(Wetlands)Convention(Map) 256 Listofwetlandsofinternationalimportance 257 vii TABLEDESMATIERES Page Introduction 5 HistoiredelaListedesNationsUnies 5 LaCommissiondesparcsnationauxetdesairesprotegees 5 L'Unitededonneessurlesairesprotegees 6 Criteresd'inscriptionsurlaListe 6 PresentationdelaListedesNationsUnies 7 CompilationdelaListedesNationsUnies 7 Exactitudeetqualitede1'information 7 Remerciements 8 Categoriesdegestiondesespacesnaturelspourlaconservation 15 ListedesNationsUniesdesParcsNationauxetdesairesprotegees 23 Nombretotaldesitesdesignes 212 Analysede1'information 214 Expansiondelasuperficiemondialedesairesprotegees(Figures1et2). 215 Couverturebiogeographiquedesairesprotegees(Tableau1) 217 Couvertureecologiquedesairesprotegees(Tableau2) 222 Biensdupatrimoinemondial 225 EtatspartiesalaConventiondupatrimoinemondial(Carte) 226 Listedupatrimoinemondial 227 Reservesdelabiosphere 241 Etatspossedantdereservesdelabiosphere(Carte) 242 Listedesreservesdelabiosphere 243 Zoneshumidesd'importanceinternationale 255 EtatspartiesalaConventiondeRamsar(zoneshumides)(Carte) 256 Listedeszoneshumidesd'importanceinternationale 257 viii INTRODUCTION Protectedareasmakeavitalcontributiontotheconservationoftheworld'snaturalandcultural