IN THE CIRCUIT COURT OF THE FIRST CIRCUIT STATE OF HAWAII In the Matter of the Estate of ) EQUITY NO. 2048 ) of ) FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS ) OF LAW BERNICE P. BISHOP, ) ) ______________________________________ ) FINDINGS OF FACT AND CONCLUSIONS OF LAW Pursuant to the Petition For Removal of Trustee Marion Mae Lokelani Lindsey ("Petition"), filed December 29, 1997, by Petitioners Oswald Stender and Gerard Jervis, the Petition having been joined in by the Hawaii State Attorney General as parens patriae for the beneficiaries, Respondent Trustee Lindsey and Trustees Wong and Peters having opposed the Petition, and the Petition having been assigned from the Probate Court to the Civil Trials Calendar for trial making the Hawaii Rules of Civil Procedure and Rules of 1 the Circuit Court applicable, the Court having conducted trial on the Petition receiving evidence from November 9, 1998, through January 8, 1999, and February 1, 1999, through March 11, 1999, followed by argument on April 1, 1999; Petitioner Stender, having been represented by Douglas Ing, Crystal Rose and Bruce Voss; Petitioner Jervis, having been represented by Ronald Sakamoto and Carolyn Hayashi; the Attorney General, having been represented by Dorothy Sellers, Hugh Jones, Martin Basiszta and Daniel Morris; Respondent Marion Mae Lokelani Lindsey, having been represented by Michael Green, David Gierlach and Joe Wolsztyniak; Trustee Richard S. H. Wong, having been represented by Kenneth Nakasone and Wayne Sakai; Trustee Henry Haalilio Peters having been represented by Renee Yuen; the Court having considered the evidence, legal memoranda, counsels' arguments and having been fully informed in the premises makes the following Findings of Fact and Conclusions of Law based upon clear and convincing evidence thus granting the Petition for Removal of Trustee Marion Mae Lokelani Lindsey: FINDINGS OF FACT 1. On February 26, 1993, Marion Mae Lokelani Lindsey was duly appointed and sworn as a Trustee of Kamehameha Schools/Bishop Estate ("KSBE") in accordance with the terms of the Will of Bernice Pauahi Bishop, Deceased ("Will"). In February 1993 the five-member Board of Trustees ("Board") consisted of Trustees Lindsey, Henry Peters, Oswald Stender, Myron "Pinkie" Thompson, and Richard S. H. Wong. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/6/99, Tr. p. 2] Trustee Gerard Jervis replaced Thompson on December 1, 1994. [Jervis Trial Testimony, 1/4/99, p.3-4] 2. KSBE is a perpetual, charitable trust created by the Will which requires decisions by majority rule. [Exhibit "A", p.19 to Exhibit A-629] At the time of trial, the value of KSBE assets was at least two-billion dollars. [Wong Trial Testimony, 3/9/99] The Will devotes KSBE assets to Kamehameha Schools for educational purposes. [Exhibit "A" to Exhibit A-629] The principle offices of KSBE are located at Kawaiahao Plaza in Honolulu. The Kamehameha Schools main campus is located on Kapalama Heights in Honolulu. 3. During Lindsey's forty minute interview for the position as Trustee by four Hawaii Supreme Court justices she was asked about her education background, spoke of the changes she made in the educational system in the Maui district, said what changes she would make at Kamehameha Schools if selected, and described her personal management style. She applied for the position because "they were looking for a female and an educator. And that was publicized in the newspapers." [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/6/99, Tr. p. 2-4; 1/8/99, Tr. p. 72-74] 4. Trustee Lindsey attended and graduated from Kahuku High School in 1956. She continued to her education after her third child in 1961 when she went to the Church College of Hawaii. While Lindsey initially enrolled in pre-med classes she switched, choosing to become a teacher. She graduated from Church College in 1965 with a bachelor of science degree in physical education and biological science. Lindsey 2 continued her education at the Church College of Hawaii so she could get her teaching certificate in secondary education that same year. Lindsey went on to receive her masters degree in Pacific Island studies from the University of Hawaii in 1975. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/8/99, Tr. p. 35-39] 5. Trustee Lindsey began her career in education as a Kahuku High School physical education teacher and student activities coordinator with the State of Hawaii, Department of Education ("DOE"), a position she held for 11 years from 1966 to 1977. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/8/99, Tr. p. 41, 45, 48-49] She received a professional administrator's certificate in 1978. [Id. at 39] 6. In 1977-78 she was appointed vice principal at Campbell High School; in 1978-79, vice principal at Molokai High School; and then in 1979-81, vice principal at Baldwin High School. [Id. at 48-49] She next served as principal of Kaimuki High School from 1981-82 before achieving her highest DOE position as district superintendent of schools for the Maui district. The Maui district includes the islands of Maui, Molokai and Lanai. Lindsey served in that position for 10 years and 8 months. [Id. at 52, 56-57] A district superintendent reports to the superintendent who in turn reports to the board of education. Trustee Lindsey had no experience with private schools. 7. Trustee Lindsey had dealt with curriculum in a particular format. The format she knew from the DOE included goals, objectives, outcome measures and articulation between grade levels during her career in public education. [Id. at 46, 51-58] 8. Trustee Lindsey had dealt with strategic planning, operational plans, and student testing while in the DOE. [Id. at 60-63, 66-71] 9. Within six months of her KSBE appointment, Trustee Lindsey was designated lead Trustee for the Education Group which comprised Kamehameha Schools. The Board informally asked her to fill that position because of her education background. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/6/99, Tr. p. 10-11; 2/1/99, Tr. p. 4-5; accord, Wong Trial Transcript, 3/9/99] 10. At that time the Board used a liaison system in which Trustee Lindsey was lead for education and communications, Trustee Peters was lead for asset management, and Trustee Jervis upon his appointment became lead for legal. Trustee Stender was assigned special responsibility for specific investments, and Trustee Wong was the Board Chair and lead for political aspects. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 2/1/99, Tr. p. 5-7; Aipa Trial Testimony, 12/22/99] 11. Trustee Lindsey understood, because of her thirty years of experience in education, that her fiduciary duty as a trustee embraced her expertise. She believed she would therefore be held to a higher standard of care under trust law. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/6/99, Tr. p. 9-10, see Exhibit A-208, p.3] 3 12. Lindsey testified that one of her fiduciary responsibilities is the duty of loyalty, and she understood that to mean that she must put the interests of the Kamehameha Schools and its students before her own personal interests. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/7/99, Tr. p.3] I. TRUSTEE LINDSEY'S WASTE, MISMANAGEMENT AND MISUSE OF TRUST ASSETS A. Trustee Lindsey's Use of KSBE Staff and Resources on Her Punaluu Beach House 13. On or about September 16, 1993, the City & County of Honolulu Building Department sent Trustee Lindsey and her husband a "Notice of Violation" regarding construction on her Punaluu beach house. [Exhibit A-7] Trustee Lindsey originally had a permit to do renovation work on up to 50 percent of the beach house. However, the renovation work exposed severe ground termite damage, requiring reconstruction of more than 50 percent of the beach house. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/6/99, Tr. p.83] Because the extent of the work on the beach house exceeded 50 percent of its replacement cost, Trustee Lindsey was required to get a new building permit for a new single-family dwelling. [Exhibit A-7] To obtain a new building permit, she and her husband had to satisfy new shoreline and front yard setback requirements that were different from those in existence when the beach house was originally built. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/6/99, Tr. p.84] 14. On or soon after November 9, 1993, Lindsey's architect William Benjamin received a work proposal from planning consultant Keith H. Kurahashi. [Exhibit A-8] Kurahashi proposed certain services to prepare and process the applications to obtain the shoreline setback and front yard setback variances for Lindsey's beach house property. [Exhibit A- 8] Kurahashi proposed a fee of $12,000. [Exhibit A-8] Trustee Lindsey's handwritten note on Kurahashi's proposal states: "Put in my construction file." [Exhibit A-8] She did not retain Kurahashi. [Lindsey Trial Testimony, 1/6/99, Tr. p.89] 15. Sometime in late 1993, Trustee Lindsey called Paul Cathcart and asked him to come to her office. Cathcart is the Manager of KSBE's suburban Oahu Land Department. Lindsey explained the circumstances regarding her beach house property to Cathcart and asked him to assist her in processing the permits needed to remedy the violations. [Cathcart Trial Testimony, 12/15/98] 16. Cathcart thought it was unusual for KSBE staff to be involved in a project of this nature. He spoke with Tony Sereno, who was then General Manager of KSBE's Asset Management Group, and told Sereno that he did not think it was appropriate for KSBE staff to be doing work on Trustee Lindsey's beach house. Sereno instructed Cathcart to continue processing the necessary permits for Lindsey. Sereno told Cathcart he was concerned that if they didn't do the work, Trustee Lindsey is a "vindictive person" and 4 "something would happen to the Asset Management Group." [Cathcart Trial Testimony, 12/15/98] 17.