Populism Questionnaire [country_key] Respondent’s country <840> US <826> UK <208> DK <250> FR <276> DE <380> IT <616> PL <348> HU <203> CZ <703> SK SPLITS Note: splits randomized in the background and not seen by respondents [split_dem] Split on Democratic Importance Question <1> Asked democratic importance question <2> Not asked democratic importance question [split_expert_experiment] Split on Expert/Public Experiment <1> Control <2> Expert <3> Public [split_benefits_experiment] Split on Benefits Experiment <1> Immigrant <2> Native Born [split_gender_deserve_experiment] Split on Gender Deservingness Experiment <1> Female <2> Male [split_gender_relig_experiment] Split on Gendered Religious Exceptionalism Experiment <1> Female <2> Male POPULISM [democracy_importance] How important is it for you to live in a country that is governed democratically? (scale 1-10) Not at all important | Absolutely important [people_elites] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements pertaining to the people and the elites in your country? - The people are under threat and must be protected - The interests of the people are represented well by the political elites - The political elites have the best interests of the nation/people in mind - The political elites are corrupt <1> Agree <2> Disagree <3> Not sure [values] Which statement comes closer to your view? <1> [Americans Britons, etc.] are united and in agreement about the most important values <2> [Americans Britons, etc.] are greatly divided when it comes to the most important values [race_represnt (in the US)] Do you feel that... <1> People are best represented in politics by leaders from their own racial or ethnic background <2> The leader's race or ethnicity doesn't make much difference Note gov_role split into two pages and randomized in script [gov_role] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - The elites are corrupt - Politicians typically look out for their own interests - The politicians in [Congress/Parliament] need to follow the will of the people - The people, and not politicians, should make our most important policy decisions - The political differences between the elite and the people are larger than the differences among the people - I would rather be represented by a citizen than by an elected official - Politics is ultimately a struggle between good and evil - (In the US) Interest groups have too much influence over political decisions - In a democracy it is important to make compromises among differing viewpoints - It is important to listen to the opinion of other groups - (In the US) Diversity limits my freedom - Our country would be governed better if important decisions were left up to experts - I trust collective judgment of people rather than politicians, even on complex issues <1> Strongly agree <2> Somewhat agree <3> Somewhat disagree <4> Strongly disagree Note instconf split into three pages and randomized in script [instconf] How much confidence do you have in the following institutions? - [Congress/Parliament] - Political parties - The judiciary - The media - Church/religion - (in the UK) The monarchy - Local government - National government - Universities - Unions - Business - (not in the US) The European Union - The police - The United Nations - The medical systems - Public schools - (in US, FR, DE, IT, PL, HU, CZ, SK) The president <1> A lot <2> Some <3> A little <4> None [democracy] How satisfied are you with the way democracy works in [France, Italy, etc.]? <1> Very satisfied <2> Somewhat satisfied <3> Somewhat dissatisfied <4> Very dissatisfied [referendums] Do you think referendums (a direct vote by the electorate to approve or disapprove a proposed law) are a good idea? <1> Yes <2> No <3> Not sure [natl_id (if not in UK)] How important are the following things for being truly [American, French, etc.]? - To have parents or grandparents born in the country - To have been born in the country - To be able to speak [English, French, etc.] - To believe in freedom and equality - (Not asked in CZ) To be a [Christian/Catholic] <1> Very Important <2> Somewhat important <3> Not important [nationalism] Do you agree or disagree with the following statements: - I would rather be a citizen of [Italy, France, etc.] than of any other country in the world - There are some things that make me ashamed of [Italy, France, etc.] <1> Agree strongly <2> Agree somewhat <3> Neutral <4> Disagree somewhat <5> Disagree strongly [benefits_imm (Immigrant Split)] Hassan emigrated to [Poland, Hugary, etc.] from Syria. He is young, single, has no friends or family, and has very few resources. He was recently in a car accident that left him unable to work. He wants to apply for welfare benefits. Should he be allowed to? <1> Yes <2> No [benefits_nat (Native Born Split)] Michael is a native-born [Hungarian, German etc.]. He is young, single, has no friends or family, and has very few resources. He was recently in a car accident that left him unable to work. He wants to apply for welfare benefits. Should he be allowed to? <1> Yes <2> No [gender_deserve_female (Female Split)] Salma is a young woman from the Middle East fleeing violence. She is educated, single, and would like to start a family in [Poland, Hungary, etc.]. Should she be allowed to stay? <1> Yes <2> No [gender_deserve_male (Male Split)] Khaled is a young man from the Middle East fleeing violence. He is educated, single, and would like to start a family in [Poland, Hungary, etc.]. Should he be allowed to stay? <1> Yes <2> No Note Female and Male Splits for this question are independent of those in the question before [gender_relig_female (in IT, FR, PL, SK and Female Split)]John and Mary are a married Catholic couple. They know the Church does not allow In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), but they have been trying to have a child for years without success. Mary desperately wants a child. Should they pursue IVF? <1> Yes <2> No [gender_relig_male (in IT, FR, PL, SK and Male Split)] John and Mary are a married Catholic couple. They know the Church does not allow In Vitro Fertilization (IVF), but they have been trying to have a child for years without success. John desperately wants a child. Should they pursue IVF? <1> Yes <2> No [threat_imm] Is our way of life threatened by immigrants? <1> Yes <2> No <3> Not Sure [immig_fear] Next, we would like to ask you about immigrants who have come from other countries to settle in [Italy, Poland, etc.]. How much do you agree or disagree with the following statements? - Immigrants increase crime rates - Immigrants take jobs away from people born in [Italy, Poland, etc.] - Our national culture is being undermined by immigrants - Most immigrants are hard-working - Muslims want to implement Sharia law - Immigrants strain our welfare system <1> Agree strongly <2> Agree somewhat <3> Neutral <4> Disagree somewhat <5> Disagree strongly Note: Only those prejudices that respondents said were fear in immig_fear are shown in immig_fear_dominant [immig_fear_dominant (if more than one fear expressed in immig_fear)] Which of those fears you selected is your greatest fear? <1> Immigrants increase crime rates <2> Immigrants take jobs away from people born in [Italy, Poland, etc.] <3> Our national culture is being undermined by immigrants <4> Muslims want to enforce Sharia law in their community <5> Immigrants strain our welfare system [prcnt_im] What percentage of the population in [Italy, Poland, etc.] do you believe are immigrants? [prcnt_im_cat] (not asked; coded in background) What percentage of the population in country do you believe are immigrants? <1> 0-9 <2> 10-19 <3> 20-29 <4> 30-39 <5> 40-49 <6> 50-59 <7> 60-69 <8> 70-79 <9> 80-89 <10> 90-100 [prcnt_mslm] What percentage of the population in [Italy, Poland, etc.] do you believe are muslims? [prcnt_mslm_cat] (not asked; coded) What percentage of the population in country do you believe are muslims? <1> 0-9 <2> 10-19 <3> 20-29 <4> 30-39 <5> 40-49 <6> 50-59 <7> 60-69 <8> 70-79 <9> 80-89 <10> 90-100 [prcnt_rich] What percentage of the population in [Italy, Poland, etc.] do you believe are rich? [prcnt_rich_cat] (not asked; coded) What percentage of the population in country do you believe are rich? <1> 0-9 <2> 10-19 <3> 20-29 <4> 30-39 <5> 40-49 <6> 50-59 <7> 60-69 <8> 70-79 <9> 80-89 <10> 90-100 [worries] How worried are you about the following things? - Foreign interference in elections - Threat from immigrants/muslims <1> Very worried <2> Somewhat worried <3> Not worried [worldview] Which comes closest to your view? <1> Our lives are threatened by terrorists, criminals, and illegal immigrants and our priority should be to protect ourselves <2> It's a big, beautiful world, mostly full of good people, and we must find a way to embrace each other and not allow ourselves to become isolated <3> Not sure [repchoice] If you had to choose, would you rather have a member of [Parliament/Congress] who... <1> Compromises to get things done <2> Sticks to their principles, no matter what [trustgovt] How much of the time do you think you can trust the government to do what is right? <1> Just about always <2> Most of the time <3> Some of the time <4> None of the time <5> Not sure [crkedgovt] How many of the people running the government are crooked? <1> Quite a few <2> Not many <3> Hardly any <4> Not sure [lies] How often do politicians lie to be elected? <1> Always <2> Very often <3> Somewhat often <4> Never <5> Not sure [smartgovt] What comes closer to your view? <1> Almost all of the people running the government know what they're doing