Rosebud/Treasure Counties 04/19/21 USDA, APHIS, PPQ Rangeland Grasshopper Suppression Program, 2021. Plant Protection Gary D. Adams State Plant Health Director and (406) 657-6282 Quarantine [email protected] 12 USDA, APHIS PPQ Mission VS: Veterinary Services WS: Wildlife Services Safeguard Agriculture & Natural Resources AC: Animal Care Ensure High Quality, Abundant & Varied Food Supply IES: Investigative & Enforcement Services Strengthen Marketability of U.S. Agriculture BRS: Biotechnology Regulatory Services PPQ: Plant Protection and Quarantine Contribute to Preservation of Global Environment 34 Domestic Programs Grasshopper and Mormon Cricket ► Exotic Pest Surveys ► Survey ► Quarantine and eradication ► Technical Assistance ► Gypsy Moth/Japanese Beetle ► Biological Control ► Biotechnology ► Grasshopper & Mormon Cricket ► Suppression Programs – Border Protection treatments – Rangeland Protection treatments . Cost Share . RAATs 56 1 Life Stages Life cycle ► Eggs 78 1st Instar 2nd Instar 4-6 mm 6-8 mm 910 3rd Instar 4th Instar 8-11mm (1 cm) 11-16 mm 11 12 2 5th Instar Clearwinged grasshopper 16-23 mm 1 2 3 4 Nymphal development: 26-40 days (~1 wk/instar) Adult 5 13 14 Adults Melanoplus sanguinipes Melanoplus dawsoni Migratory Grasshopper Dawson Grasshopper Male Female Male Female 14-19mm 17-22 mm 20-26 mm 20-29 mm 15 16 Dissosteira carolina (Linnaeus) Boopedon nubilum (Say) Carolina Grasshopper Ebony Grasshopper Male Female 29-32 mm 36-39 mm Male Female 22-22.5 mm 36-38 mm 17 18 3 Free USDA grasshopper identification app Identification available in iPhone and Android app stores 19 20 # Species Common Montana Species Aeoloplides turnbulli (Thomas) Russianthistle grasshopper Melanoplus borealis (Fieber) Northern grasshopper Aeropedellus clavatus (Thomas) Clubhorned grasshopper Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder Sagebrush grasshopper ►There are more than 400 known species Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) Whitewhiskered grasshopper Melanoplus bruneri Scudder Bruner spurthroated grasshopper Amphitornus coloradus (Thomas) Striped grasshopper Melanoplus confusus Scudder Pasture grasshopper Anabrus simplex Haldeman Mormon cricket Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder) Dawson grasshopper of grasshoppers in the Western United Arphia conspersa Scudder Specklewinged grasshopper Melanoplus devastator Scudder Devastating grasshopper Arphia pseudonietana (Thomas) Redwinged grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas) Differential grasshopper Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) Bigheaded grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum (DeGeer) Redlegged grasshopper States, only about two dozen are Aulocara femoratum Scudder Whitecrossed grasshopper Melanoplus gladstoni Scudder Gladston grasshopper Boopedon nubilum (Say) Ebony grasshopper Melanoplus infantilis Scudder Little spurthroated grasshopper Brachystola magna (Girard) Plains lubber grasshopper Melanoplus keeleri (Thomas) Keeler grasshopper considered pest species capable of Bruneria brunnea (Thomas) Bruner slantfaced grasshopper Melanoplus lakinus (Scudder) Lakin grasshopper Camnula pellucida (Scudder) Clearwinged grasshopper Melanoplus occidentalis (Thomas) Flabellate grasshopper Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris) Meadow grasshopper Melanoplus packardii Scudder Packard grasshopper producing economic damage. Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer) Greenstriped grasshopper Melanoplus rugglesi Gurney Nevada sage grasshopper Cordillacris crenulata (Bruner) Crenulatewinged grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) Migratory grasshopper Cordillacris occipitalis (Thomas) Spottedwinged grasshopper Mermiria bivittata (Serville) Twostriped slantfaced grasshopper Derotmema haydeni (Thomas) Hayden grasshopper Metator pardalinus (Saussure) Bluelegged grasshopper Dissosteira carolina (Linnaeus) Carolina grasshopper Oedaleonotus enigma (Scudder) Valley grasshopper Dissosteira longipennis (Thomas) High Plains grasshopper Opeia obscura (Thomas) Obscure grasshopper Encoptolophus costalis (Scudder) Dusky grasshopper Orphulella speciosa (Scudder) Slantfaced pasture grasshopper ►A few species are actually beneficial Eritettix simplex (Scudder) Velvetstriped grasshopper Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum (Thomas)Fourspotted grasshopper Hadrotettix trifasciatus (Say) Threebanded grasshopper Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Thomas)Largeheaded grasshopper Hesperotettix viridis (Thomas) Snakeweed grasshopper Psoloessa delicatula (Scudder) Brownspotted grasshopper because they eat undesirable plants. Hypochlora alba (Dodge) Cudweed grasshopper Spharagemon collare (Scudder) Mottled sand grasshopper Melanoplus alpinus Scudder Alpine grasshopper Spharagemon equale (Say) Orangelegged grasshopper Melanoplus angustipennis (Dodge) Narrowwinged sand grasshopper Trachyrhachys kiowa (Thomas) Kiowa grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) Twostriped grasshopper Xanthippus corallipes (Haldeman) Redshanked grasshopper 21 22 Economic Montana Species Economic Montana Species Aeoloplides turnbulli (Thomas) Russianthistle grasshopper Melanoplus borealis (Fieber) Northern grasshopper Aeropedellus clavatus (Thomas) Clubhorned grasshopper Melanoplus bowditchi Scudder Sagebrush grasshopper Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) Whitewhiskered grasshopper Ageneotettix deorum (Scudder) Whitewhiskered grasshopper Melanoplus bruneri Scudder Bruner spurthroated grasshopper Amphitornus coloradus (Thomas) Striped grasshopper Melanoplus confusus Scudder Pasture grasshopper (Thomas) Anabrus simplex Haldeman Mormon cricket Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder) Dawson grasshopper Aulocara elliotti Bigheaded grasshopper Arphia conspersa Scudder Specklewinged grasshopper Melanoplus devastator Scudder Devastating grasshopper Arphia pseudonietana (Thomas) Redwinged grasshopper Melanoplus differentialis (Thomas) Differential grasshopper Camnula pellucida (Scudder) Clearwinged grasshopper Aulocara elliotti (Thomas) Bigheaded grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum (DeGeer) Redlegged grasshopper Aulocara femoratum Scudder Whitecrossed grasshopper Melanoplus gladstoni Scudder Gladston grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) Twostriped grasshopper Boopedon nubilum (Say) Ebony grasshopper Melanoplus infantilis Scudder Little spurthroated grasshopper Brachystola magna (Girard) Plains lubber grasshopper Melanoplus keeleri (Thomas) Keeler grasshopper Melanoplus dawsoni (Scudder) Dawson grasshopper Bruneria brunnea (Thomas) Bruner slantfaced grasshopper Melanoplus lakinus (Scudder) Lakin grasshopper Camnula pellucida (Scudder) Clearwinged grasshopper Melanoplus occidentalis (Thomas) Flabellate grasshopper Melanoplus femurrubrum (DeGeer) Redlegged grasshopper Chorthippus curtipennis (Harris) Meadow grasshopper Melanoplus packardii Scudder Packard grasshopper Chortophaga viridifasciata (DeGeer) Greenstriped grasshopper Melanoplus rugglesi Gurney Nevada sage grasshopper Cordillacris crenulata (Bruner) Crenulatewinged grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) Migratory grasshopper Melanoplus infantilis (Scudder) Little spurthroated grasshopper Cordillacris occipitalis (Thomas) Spottedwinged grasshopper Mermiria bivittata (Serville) Twostriped slantfaced grasshopper Derotmema haydeni (Thomas) Hayden grasshopper Metator pardalinus (Saussure) Bluelegged grasshopper Melanoplus sanguinipes (Fabricius) Migratory grasshopper Dissosteira carolina (Linnaeus) Carolina grasshopper Oedaleonotus enigma (Scudder) Valley grasshopper Dissosteira longipennis (Thomas) High Plains grasshopper Opeia obscura (Thomas) Obscure grasshopper Opeia obscura (Thomas) Obscure grasshopper Encoptolophus costalis (Scudder) Dusky grasshopper Orphulella speciosa (Scudder) Slantfaced pasture grasshopper Eritettix simplex (Scudder) Velvetstriped grasshopper Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum (Thomas)Fourspotted grasshopper Phlibostroma quadrimaculatum(Thomas) Fourspotted grasshopper Hadrotettix trifasciatus (Say) Threebanded grasshopper Phoetaliotes nebrascensis (Thomas)Largeheaded grasshopper Hesperotettix viridis (Thomas) Snakeweed grasshopper Psoloessa delicatula (Scudder) Brownspotted grasshopper (Thomas) Hypochlora alba (Dodge) Cudweed grasshopper Spharagemon collare (Scudder) Mottled sand grasshopper Phoetaliotes nebrascensis Largeheaded grasshopper Melanoplus alpinus Scudder Alpine grasshopper Spharagemon equale (Say) Orangelegged grasshopper Melanoplus angustipennis (Dodge) Narrowwinged sand grasshopper Trachyrhachys kiowa (Thomas) Kiowa grasshopper Trachyrhachys kiowa (Thomas) Kiowa grasshopper Melanoplus bivittatus (Say) Twostriped grasshopper Xanthippus corallipes (Haldeman) Redshanked grasshopper Anabrus simplex (Haldeman) Mormon cricket 23 24 4 Species May June July Aug. Sept. Oct. Surveys Early Mid late Early Mid late Early Mid late Early Mid late Early Mid late Early Mid late Ageneotettix deorum ► Nymphal surveys Aulocara elliotti ► Delimitation Camnula pellucida Melanoplus infantilis ► Pre Treatment Trachyrhachys kiowa Melanoplus dawsoni ► Post Treatment Phoetaliotes nebrasciensis ► Adult Arphia conspersa 25 26 Conducting Surveys How much do they eat? ►Visualize a square foot ahead of you on range ►Walk toward imaginary Ft2 ►Count # GHs that jump out ►Repeat 18 times ►Divide total by 2 ►Gives total GH/yd2 ©AVL2005 A grasshopper can eat about its own weight or destroy up to 6 times its own weight of vegetation daily 27 28 Do I treat? ►Decision Support Software . CARMA ►Do I manage by self? http://www.sdvc.uwyo.edu/grasshopper/carma.htm ►> 8 grasshoppers per yd2 ►Do I ask USDA for assistance? ►> 15 grasshoppers per yd2 . Authorized by Plant Protection Act. ►Is there grass to save? (drought) ►Should I just buy hay? ►Can I wait for mother nature?