Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire Protection Systems OSHA 3256-09R 2015 Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 “To assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and women; by authorizing enforcement of the standards developed under the Act; by assisting and encouraging the States in their efforts to assure safe and healthful working conditions; by providing for research, information, education, and training in the field of occupational safety and health.” This publication provides a general overview of a particular standards- related topic. This publication does not alter or determine compliance responsibilities which are set forth in OSHA standards and the Occupational Safety and Health Act. Moreover, because interpretations and enforcement policy may change over time, for additional guidance on OSHA compliance requirements the reader should consult current administrative interpretations and decisions by the Occupational Safety and Health Review Commission and the courts. Material contained in this publication is in the public domain and may be reproduced, fully or partially, without permission. Source credit is requested but not required. This information will be made available to sensory-impaired individuals upon request. Voice phone: (202) 693-1999; teletypewriter (TTY) number: 1-877-889-5627. This guidance document is not a standard or regulation, and it creates no new legal obligations. It contains recommendations as well as descriptions of mandatory safety and health standards. The recommendations are advisory in nature, informational in content, and are intended to assist employers in providing a safe and healthful workplace. The Occupational Safety and Health Act requires employers to comply with safety and health standards and regulations promulgated by OSHA or by a state with an OSHA-approved state plan. In addition, the Act’s General Duty Clause, Section 5(a)(1), requires employers to provide their employees with a workplace free from recognized hazards likely to cause death or serious physical harm. Cover photo: Vito Maggiolo Fire Service Features of Buildings and Fire Protection Systems Occupational Safety and Health Administration U.S. Department of Labor OSHA 3256-09R 2015 ACKNOWLEDGMENTS OSHA wishes to express its appreciation to Bruce E. Johnson the following individuals for their significant International Code Council contributions to this manual. Steve Kerber The following persons provided a courtesy Director, UL Firefighter Safety Research Institute technical review: Past Deputy Chief and Life Member, College Park Volunteer Fire Department, MD. David M. Banwarth, P.E. David M. Banwarth Associates, LLC Thomas Platt, P.E. Fire Protection Engineer, U.S. Government James (Jamie) Barton, CFPS Lieutenant, College Park Volunteer Fire Department, Fire Inspector, Gaithersburg, MD Fire Marshal’s Office MD. Captain (retired), Montgomery County Fire & Rescue Edward J. Prendergast, P.E. Service, MD. Chicago Fire Department (retired) Jeffrey Cisney, Fire Protection Engineer Martin C. Smith, SET General Services Administration President and CEO, Alarm Tech Solutions, LLC Former firefighter, College Park Volunteer Fire Department, MD. Jim Tidwell Tidwell Code Consulting Ed Claridge, Beca Ltd. New Zealand Fire Chief (retired) Fort Worth Fire Department, TX. Samuel S. Dannaway, P.E. Steven Venditti, P.E. President and Chief Fire Protection Engineer, S. S. Associate Manager, Rolf Jensen and Associates Dannaway Associates, Inc. Former Lieutenant, College Park Volunteer Fire Former volunteer firefighter, Prince Georges County, Department, MD. MD. The following persons and organizations contributed Robert J. Davidson photographs or diagrams for this manual: Managing Partner, Davidson Code Concepts, LLC Alarm Tech Solutions, LLC Fire Marshal (retired), South Brunswick, NJ. Dave Banwarth Mike Carroll Sean DeCrane, Battalion Chief Jeff Cisney Director of Training Clayton Fire Company #1, DE Cleveland Division of Fire Cleveland Division of Fire IAFF - ICC Codes Representative College Park Volunteer Fire Department, MD Federal Emergency Management Agency John August Denhardt, P.E. Glen Ellman Strickland Fire Protection Mike Eversole John Guyton Gregory Havel International Code Council Deputy Chief (retired) Town of Burlington Fire Greg Havel Department, WI. Neal Hobbs Adjunct Instructor, Gateway Technical College Ivan Humberson Safety Director, Scherrer Construction Co., Inc.; Morgan Hurley Burlington, WI. Gaithersburg City Fire Marshal, MD Greg Jakubowski Ivan J. Humberson, P.E. Vito Maggiolo (including cover photo) Fire Marshal, City of Gaithersburg, MD. National Fire Protection Association Former Volunteer Firefighter, Prince Georges and National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health Frederick Counties, MD. National Institute of Standards and Technology Odessa Fire Company, DE Greg Jakubowski, P.E., CSP, FSFPE Dave Polikoff, Battalion Chief, Montgomery County Principal - Fire Planning Associates Fire and Rescue Service, MD Pennsylvania State Fire Instructor David Purcell Chief, Lingohocken Fire Co., Bucks County, PA. Gene Shaner Michael Schwartzberg Chris Jelenewicz, P.E. Martin C. Smith Society of Fire Protection Engineers Scott Stookey Fire Chief (retired) Chillum-Adelphi Volunteer Fire Tempe Fire Department, AZ Department, MD. United States Fire Administration TABLE OF CONTENTS Chapter 1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................1 Purpose ..............................................................................................................................................1 Scope .................................................................................................................................................2 Manual Organization and Use ........................................................................................................3 Terminology ......................................................................................................................................4 Glossary of Acronyms and Terms ..................................................................................................4 Chapter 2 Fire Service Primer ................................................................................................................5 Challenges .........................................................................................................................................5 Organization .......................................................................................................................................6 Apparatus ...........................................................................................................................................7 Emergency Operations .....................................................................................................................8 How Stakeholders Can Help ..........................................................................................................10 Chapter 3 Fire Apparatus Access .........................................................................................................13 Extent and Number .........................................................................................................................13 Dimensions ......................................................................................................................................14 Turnarounds .....................................................................................................................................16 Design ...............................................................................................................................................16 Security .............................................................................................................................................17 Traffic Calming Features .................................................................................................................18 Chapter 4 Water Supply ........................................................................................................................20 Fire Flow ...........................................................................................................................................21 Fire Pumps .......................................................................................................................................22 Fire Hydrant Features ......................................................................................................................23 Fire Hydrant Placement ..................................................................................................................24 Chapter 5 Premises Identification ........................................................................................................29 Chapter 6 Firefighter Access ................................................................................................................32 Site Access ......................................................................................................................................32 Key Boxes .........................................................................................................................................32 Entry Points .....................................................................................................................................33