A CULTURAL RESOURCES INVENTORY OF PORTIONS OF SULPHUR SPRINGS VALLEY AND SAN BERNARDINO VALLEY IN COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA Prepared by: Mary Lou Heuett Principal Investigator Ronald P. Maldonado Project Director Submitted to: Jim Sober, Line Extension Supervisor Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Cooperative, Inc. P.O. Box 820 Willcox, Arizona 85644 October 1990 Technical Series No. 21 ABSTRACT A Class III (100% coverage) survey of 58 miles of a 60- and 120-foot-wide right-of-way corridor was conducted by Cultural & Environmental Systems, Inc. (C&ES) for Sulphur Springs Valley Electric Cooperative, Inc. (SSVEC), to assess and record new and previously recorded archaeological sites within and adjacent to the project area as part of SSVEC's planning effort for the proposed right-of-way (Phases A through C). The 436-acre project area, located approximately 7 miles to 15 miles north and east of Douglas, Arizona, in Cochise County, is comprised of private land and land under the jurisdiction of the Arizona State Land Department. The State Land application number for the project is 29-98250; the noncollection survey was conducted under General Permit No. 89-68 issued by the Arizona State Museum (ASM) in Tucson. Legally, the project area is located in Cochise County on nine U.S.G.S. 7.5 Minute quadrangle maps: Leslie Canyon, Arizona (portions of Sections 13, 16-18, 20, 24, 25, and 36 in T21S, R27E and R28E, and Sections 1, 12, 13, and 24 in T22S, R27E and R28E, and Sections 16-18 and 20 in T22S, R28E); Pedregosa Mountains West, Arizona (portions of Sections 15, 16, 21, 22, 26-28, and 33-35 in T21S, R28E); Douglas NE, Arizona (portions of Sections 24, 25, and 36 in T22S, R27E, and Sections 1 and 12 in T23S, R27E, and Sections 7-9 in T23S, R28E); College Peaks, Arizona (portions of Sections 9, 10, and 13-15 in T23S, R28E, and Sections 17, 18, 20-22, and 27 in T23S, R29E); Cinder Hills, Arizona (portions of Sections 13, 18, and 24-27 in T23S, R29E, and Sections 28-30 and 34 in T23S, R30E, and Section 3 in T24S, R30E); San Bernardino Ranch, Arizona--Sonora (portions of Sections 2 and 11 in T24S, R29E, and Sections 3, 10, 11, and 15 in T24S, R30E); West of Guadalupe Canyon, Arizona--Sonora (portions of Sections 5-7 and 12 in T24S, R30E); Lazy J Ranch, Arizona (portions of Sections 12-14, 22, 23, 28, 29, 32, and 33 in T23S, R31E, and Sections 6 and 7 in T23S, R32E, and Sections 3-5 in T24S, R31E); and Guadalupe Spring, New Mexico--Arizona (portions of Section 32 in T22S, R32E, and Sections 5- 8 in T23S, R32E). The results of the records search at the ASM were positive; 15 previously recorded sites were located adjacent to or within the right-of-way. C&ES surveyed 100 percent of the right-of-way (Phases A through C). The archaeological teams walked the corridor in parallel transects spaced at 20-meter intervals. Located were 7 historic sites (AZ FF:6:20, AZ FF:6:21, AZ FF:10:19, AZ FF:11:4, AZ FF:11:69, AZ FF:11:70, and AZ FF:11:71), 13 prehistoric sites (AZ FF:6:22, AZ FF:11:17, AZ FF:11:37, AZ FF:11:72, AZ FF:11:73, AZ FF:11:74, AZ FF:11:75, AZ FF:11:76, AZ FF:11:77, AZ FF:11:78, AZ FF:11:79, AZ FF:11:80, and AZ FF:12:30), and 29 isolates. (A prehistoric site, AZ FF:12:27, was located adjacent to the right-of-way.) The cultural resources identified represent at least five cultures (Hispanic, Anglo, Archaic, Mogollon, and Salado). With the exception of AZ FF:6:22, all of the recorded sites are considered to be eligible for inclusion on the National Register of Historic Places based upon criterion "d". Management recommendations are for avoidance of all sites through project redesign, movement of the right-of-way, or protection measures. A testing program, including archival research, oral interviews, detailed mapping and photo-documentation, and final report(s) is recommended for any site that will be impacted either directly or indirectly by construction of the SSVEC transmission line. Based upon the results of the testing programs, data recovery is recommended at sites where warranted. 11 TABLE OF CONTENTS Abstract ........................................................................................................................................... List of Figures .............................................................................................................................. List of Tables ............................................................................................................................... Project Area Location ................................................................................................................ Environmental Setting .......3 Flora ............................................................................................................................................. 4 Fauna ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Soils .............................................................................................................................................. 5 Culture History ....... 8 Prior Research .............................................................................................................................. 13 Methodology ................................................................................................................................. 23 Results ............................................................................................................................................. 24 Phase A ....................................................................................................................................... 24 Sites ............................................................................................................................................ 25 Phase A Isolates ..................................................................................................................... 25 Phase B ........................................................................................................................................ 25 Sites ............................................................................................................................................ 26 Phase B Isolates ...................................................................................................................... 32 Phase C ......................................................................................................................................... 34 Sites ............................................................................................................................................ 34 Phase C Isolates ...................................................................................................................... 35 Phase C Alternate Right-of-Way .................................................................................... 35 Cultural Features Outside the Right-of-Way .................................................................. 35 Windmills and Cisterns ........................................................................................................ 35 Cottonwood Creek School .................................................................................................. 36 Summary ...................................................................................................................................... 36 Recommendations ........................................................................................................................ 39 AZ FF:6:21 ................................................................................................................................. 40 AZ FF:6:22 .................................................................................................................................. 40 AZ FF:10:19 ............................................................................................................................... 42 AZ FF:11:4 .................................................................................................................................. 42 AZ FF:11:17 ............................................................................................................................... 43 AZ FF:11:37 ............................................................................................................................... 43 AZ FF:11:69 ............................................................................................................................... 44 AZ FF:11:70 ............................................................................................................................... 44 AZ FF:11:71 ............................................................................................................................... 45 AZ FF:11:72 ............................................................................................................................... 46 AZ FF:11:73 ............................................................................................................................... 46 AZ FF:11:74 ............................................................................................................................... 47 111 Table of Contents (continued) AZ FF:11:75 ............................................................................................................................... 47 AZ FF:11:76 ..............................................................................................................................