THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AUTHOR’S RESPONSE TO ATHEISM AS SEEN IN GRAHAM GREENE’S THE END OF THE AFFAIR AN UNDERGRADUATE THESIS Presented as Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree of Sarjana Sastra in English Letters By ANDIKA PRIADIPUTRA Student Number: 024214005 ENGLISH LETTERS STUDY PROGRAMME DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH LETTERS FACULTY OF LETTERS SANATA DHARMA UNIVERSITY YOGYAKARTA 2010 i A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AUTHOR’S RESPONSE TO ATHEISM AS SEEN IN GRAHAM GREENE’S THE END OF THE AFFAIR By ANDIKA PRIADIPUTRA Student Number: 024214005 Approved by Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum. July 17, 2010 Advisor Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. July 17, 2010 Co-Advisor ii A Sarjana Sastra Undergraduate Thesis THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AUTHOR’S RESPONSE TO ATHEISM AS SEEN IN GRAHAM GREENE’S THE END OF THE AFFAIR By ANDIKA PRIADIPUTRA Student Number: 024214005 Defended before the Board of Examiners on July, 28, 2010 and Declared Acceptable BOARD OF EXAMINERS Name Signature Chairman : Dr. Francis Borgias Alip, M.Pd., M.A. ________________ Secretary : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum. ________________ Member : Elisa Dwi Wardani, S.S., M.Hum ________________ Member : Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum ________________ Member : Drs. Hirmawan Wijanarka, M.Hum ________________ Yogyakarta, July 31, 2010 Faculty of Letters Sanata Dharma University Dean Dr. Isodarus Praptomo Baryadi, M.Hum iii …Life is short... …But not too short to live… iv …For those… …who always pray for my graduation… …let their prayers be granted… v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS Yang bertanda tangan di bawah ini, saya mahasiswa Universitas Sanata Dharma : Nama : Andika Priadiputra Nomor Mahasiswa : 024214005 Demi pengembangan ilmu pengetahuan, saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma karya ilmiah saya yang berjudul : THE SIGNIFICANCE OF THE AUTHOR’S RESPONSE TO ATHEISM AS SEEN IN GRAHAM GREENE’S THE END OF THE AFFAIR beserta perangkat yang diperlukan (bila ada). Dengan demikian saya memberikan kepada Perpustakaan Universitas Sanata Dharma hak untuk menyimpan, me- ngalihkan dalam bentuk media lain, mengelolanya dalam bentuk pangkalan data, mendistribusikan secara terbatas, dan mempublikasikannya di internet atau media lain untuk kepentingan akademis tanpa perlu meminta ijin dari saya maupun memberikan royalti kepada saya selama tetap mencantumkan nama saya sebagai penulis. Demikian pernyataan ini saya buat dengan sebenarnya. Dibuat di Yogyakarta Pada tanggal: 20 Agustus 2010 Yang menyatakan, (Andika Priadiputra) vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This undergraduate thesis is actually the result of other people’s energy transferred to my body and soul. It is a great bless having those people around me in my life. However, there are some special people who I should mention because of their big role in my process of finishing this undergraduate thesis. I am happy to express my sincere gratitude to Ni Luh Putu Rosiandani, S.S., M.Hum as my advisor who always has unlimited patience for me. And talking about patience, I would also thank to my parents, Dwi Sulistyo Apriyadi and Quirina Pinta Yudhiari, who have trusted me and given me freedom to do this thesis Huge thanks are also addressed to all my 2002 friends, especially Galang, Jati, Sunu, Vera, Sandra, and Nuke for the great friendship since the first time I entered this lovely faculty. Despite of the power of friendship, I realize that my soul, mind, and thought have been changed during my education in this faculty. That is why I should like to thank Elizabeth Nita who gave me more than only love relationship which made me stronger and changed me in many ways by the love, hate, pain, joy, and comfort during our relationship. Special thanks to Niken who has voluntarily given me a big support which helped me completing all the requirements that I need to finish my education in this university. The Bunguls (Garry, Cindy, Parjo, Kristin), thank you for the encouragement which gave me lots of energy to do this thesis. And of course I vii have to say great thanks to Translexi (Ginting, Muji, and Jati) and Sexen/Siesen Insadha as places to learn, work, and talk. I would also say my gratitude to my best friends (Ntik and Agatha Septyayu) who never stop supporting me and also my eternal brotherhood: Van Lith Sembilan; especially Adi, Irin, Blek, Herpang, Tupang, Didit, Cmoet, Puspa, Toree, Ayu, Shinta, Adesti, thank you for the distractions and supports, and I love you all, as always. Andika Priadiputra viii TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ……………………………………………………………….... i APPROVAL PAGE ………………………………………………………….. ii ACCEPTANCE PAGE ……………………………………………………… iii MOTTO PAGE ……………………………………………………………… iv DEDICATION PAGE ……………………………………………………….. v LEMBAR PERNYATAAN PERSETUJUAN PUBLIKASI KARYA ILMIAH UNTUK KEPENTINGAN AKADEMIS ……………………………………… vi ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ………………………………………………….. vii TABLE OF CONTENTS …………………………………………………….. ix ABSTRACT …………………………………………………………………… x ABSTRAK …………………………………………………………………….. xi CHAPTER I: INTRODUCTION …………………………………………...... 1 A. Background of the Study …………………………………………..... 1 B. Problem Formulation …………………………………………........... 4 C. Objectives of the Study …………………………………………....... 5 D. Definition of Terms …………………………………………............. 5 CHAPTER II: THEORETICAL REVIEW …………………………………. 7 A. Review of Related Studies ………………………………………….. 7 B. Review of Related Theories …………………………………………12 C. Review on the Biographical Background of Graham Greene ……… 22 D. Theoretical Framework …………………………………………...... 26 CHAPTER III: METHODOLOGY ………………………………………… 28 A. Object of the Study …………………………………………............ 28 B. Approach of the Study …………………………………………...... 29 C. Method of the Study ………………………………………….......... 30 CHAPTER IV: ANALYSIS…………………………………………............... 32 A. The Characterization of the Major Characters in the Novel ……….. 33 B. The Type of Atheism Described in the Characterization of the Major Characters …………………………………………..... 44 C. The Significance of Author’s Response to Atheism in the Novel …. 51 CHAPTER V: CONCLUSION …………………………………………........ 58 BIBLIOGRAPHY …………………………………………………………….. 62 ix ABSTRACT ANDIKA PRIADIPUTRA (2010) The Significance of Author’s Response to Atheism as seen in Graham Greene’s The End of The Affair. Yogyakarta: Department of English Letters, Faculty of Letters, Sanata Dharma University. The End of the Affair contains a story of an affair between a writer, Maurice Bendrix and a wife of Minister Worker, Sarah Miles. The end of their affair is the beginning of another story. A story which involves God; something they do not believe the existence. Many critics mention that this novel is one of Greene’s Catholic novels since he put many religious dogmas and philosophy of belief in this novel. This study will examine more about the atheism that exists in the novel and find the significance of the author’s response to atheism. In this research, there are three main objectives that have to be explained based on the object of the study and relative theories which are used in the analysis. There are (1) to find the characterization of the major characters depicted in the novel, (2) to categorize the type of atheism of each of major characters, (3) to understand the responses of the author to atheism and also the significance of the responses. In doing the research and analysis of the study, the library research method was taken. The main resource is the novel itself, The End of The Affair, and the secondary resources are the theories and criticism books. The online resources, such as journal, critical reviews, and other criticism also become the additional resources in doing the research. There are two approaches which are used to do the analysis. The close relation of the story in the novel to philosophy of belief becomes the main reason to choose philosophical approach. To understand the significance of author’s response to atheism, biographical approach is used to know the author’s background and to link it to author’s responses to atheism in the novel. The atheism shown by the atheist characters can be seen after the characterization analysis. Maurice Bendrix and Henry Miles are absolute atheists but they do not have the same intellectual position of atheism, Maurice has positive atheism while Henry embraces negative atheism. Other major characters, Sarah Miles and Richard Smythe, share the same atheism as way of their life as pseudo-atheists. However, the occurrence of God in the story, which is started by Sarah who starts to talk and think about it, and following miracles that happens, affects the atheism of the major characters. Sarah Miles and Richard Smythe start to believe God and pray to Him. Maurice Bendrix is affected on the way he express his jealousy and hatred to God, whereas hating also means that he believe God’s existence. The response of the author can be retrieved from the events that happen to agitate atheism in the novel. Relating to Greene’s biography, which tells that Greene was once an atheist, his responses toward atheism can be a representation of his attempt to press his own atheism which still exists even though he had converted to Catholic a year before his marriage in 1927 another possible significance is that he wrote this novel as a criticism toward theism. x ABSTRAK ANDIKA PRIADIPUTRA (2010) The Significance of Author’s Response to Atheism as seen in Graham Greene’s The End of The Affair. Yogyakarta: Jurusan Sastra Inggris, Fakultas Sastra, Universitas Sanata Dharma. The End of