Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53713-1 - Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000 Charles Tilly Index More information Index Aargau: anti-Catholic actions in, 193; Albiez, Hans, 57–58, 59 high taxation in, 190;incorporation Alemannic dialects, 178 of, 171;revolution in, 175;secession Alexander, of Yugoslavia: assassination in, 192–193 of, 230;dictatorship of, 230 abolition, Chartists and, 163 Alexander II, concessions of, 218 Academy of Metz, 129 Alfonso XIII: elections of, 233;escape Academy of Moral and Political of, 233;restoration of, 233 Sciences, 196 Algeria: anti-Semitism in, 130;civil war Act of Succession, 144 in, 122, 132;revolutionary situations Act of Union, 141 in, 99 actors: constituted political, 20; alliances, 68;tactical, 9 detached identities of, 63;external, Allies: as external party, 237;liberation 11;intentions of, 9;political, 15; of France by, 121;victory of, 131 political entrepreneurs as, 76;public Alsace-Lorraine: German annexation political, 21 of, 129;Jews of, 129 administration, Dutch model of, 28 Alteraciones urbanas andaluzas of Afghanistan: contention in, 34; 1647–52, 88 Freedom House analysis of, 209; American Revolution, 75, 148;Catholic Soviet assistance to, 222;U.S. Emancipation and, 149;influence of, support of rebels in, 222 80;as revolutionary model, 105 Africa: anticolonial rebellion in, 244; Americas: European settlement in, 243; enslavement of, 244;European Spanish colonization of, 82 settlement in, 243;indirect rule in, Amerindians, massacre of, 25 49;Spanish colonization of, 82 anarchist movements, in Iberia, 233 Age of the Democratic Revolution Andalucıa,´ 90 (Palmer), 75 Andorra: democratization of, 216; Agitators, 140 Freedom House analysis of, 209;vs. Agreement of the People, 67, 140–144 Switzerland, 179 Agulhon, Maurice, 126 Angelets guerrilla warfare, 100 Albania, 33;Freedom House analysis Angers: anti-Semitism in, 130; of, 209;independence of, 230 occupation of, 115 279 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53713-1 - Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000 Charles Tilly Index More information Index Anglican Church, 140;Church of democratization, 237;Freedom Ireland and, 143 House analysis of, 209;particularism Angola, Portuguese withdrawal from, in, 57 235 Austro-Hungarian empire, 230; Anjou: duke of, 97;open rebellion in, collapse of, 216;disintegration, 114 post–World War I, 230 Anne, Queen of England: death of, authoritarianism, 7, 11, 27;citizenship 146;voting laws of, 146 and, 120;coercion, 51;democratic Anne of Austria, Queen-Regent, 95; adaptiveness of, 240;economic entree´ into Bordeaux of, 97 growth and, 138;in France, 99, 131; Anti-Semitic League, 130 manhood suffrage and, 214;phases anti-Semitism, 129–130;resurgence of, of, 52;in Russia, 93;short-term, 239 130 autonomist movement, 114 anticlericalism, 172 autonomy, 11 Antigua, constitution of, 246 apartheid, 50 Balkans, 229–232;citizenship in, 45; Appenzell Ausserrhoden, 184 conquests of, 229; Arab-Israeli conflict, 131 de-democratization in, 240;state Aragon, loss of Roussillon by, 81 path of, 54;threatened democracies Aranjuez, 84 in, 236;vs. Iberia and Russia, 217, Argyll rebellion, 138 236–240;vs. Low Countries, 33; aristocrats, 112;massacres of, 115 wars of 1908–13, 229 Aristotle, 9 Baltic states, independence of, 238 artisans, organization of, 122 Bangladesh, 206 Artois, 111–112 Bank of England, 145 Asia: anticolonial rebellion in, 244; Barbados, constitution of, 246 Spanish colonization of, 82 Barber, Benjamin, 66 assemblies, 31;deliberative, 44;worker, Barcelona, 90 78 bargaining, 91 associations: elite, 127;freedom of, barretines, of Catalonia, 88 128;government monitoring of, Basel: Bishopric of, 171;division in, 127–128;under Louis Napoleon, 191;high taxation in, 190;labor in, 128;as political actors, 127;popular, 185;liberal programs of, 173; 126–128;public politics and, 123; revolution in, 171;secessionist shift toward, 166;voluntary, 159, movement in, 183;Zwinglian, 169 258–259;webs of, 122 Basque: nationalists, 234;Swiss model Asturias, separatist movement in, 233 and, 179 Aubrey, John, 133–134 Batavian Republic, 71 Audijos rebellion, 100 Batavian Revolution, 73 Australia: colonization of, 25, 165; Battle of the Boyne, 137 democratic colonization of, 26 Battle of Worcester, 134 Austria: annexation of Bax, Mart, 161 Bosnia-Herzegovina, 230; Behemoth (Hobbes), 133, 134 assassination of archduke of, 230; Beissinger, Mark, 255 democracy-accelerating processes in, Belarus: corruption in, 228;diminished 216;external parties and rights in, 227;Freedom House 280 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53713-1 - Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000 Charles Tilly Index More information Index analysis of, 209;nondemocratic status of, 209;political problems in, status of, 209;political problems in, 210 210;state trajectory of, 227, 228 Bourbon regime, installation of, 82 Belfast, textile exports of, 137 bourgeois, 106, 111;growth of, Belgian Revolution, 73 115–116;perception of, 115;political Belgium, 33;collective actions in, bases of, 116;power consolidation 78–79;democracy-accelerating of, 115;propriety of, 188;workers processes in, 216;external tyranny and, 122;in Zurich, 174 in, 250;politics in, 79;rebellion in, Brabant: collective actions in, 76–77; 89;rebellion of, 72 Revolution, 73 Benauge´ rebellion, 100 braccianti, 86 benefits, government-mediated, 15 te Brake, Wayne, 75–76 Benin, 206 Brazil: independence of, 232;King Bern: boundaries shift of, 171;high John’s rule of, 232 taxation in, 190;industrialization in, Brezhnev, Leonid, 222;death of, 222 188;inequality in, 170;language Britain: in 1650, 42;analysis of, 211; in, 179;weak governmental capacity antislavery in, 155;centralism in, 54; in, 182 civil war in, 135;civil wars of Bill of Rights, British, 144 1640–1660, 67;coastal traders and, binding consultation: negotiation 71;coercion in, 139;colonization by, and, 65;of political participants, 25–26;Commons of, 140; 190 confrontation in, 25;conquests by, Birnbaum, Pierre, 129 165;deaths in, 135; Bishops’ Wars, 138 democracy-accelerating processes in, Black Hand assassins, 230 216;democratic ideas of, 140; blood feuds, 32 democratization of, 33–34; Blues, army of, 115 democratization-promoting Blueshirt movement, 161 mechanisms in, 211;documented Blum, Leon,´ 123 history of, 80;electoral expansion of, Boer War, 50 26;Glorious Revolution of 1688–89, Bolshevik(s), 50;control of, 222; 80;history of, 27;incomplete removal of Social Revolutionaries, democracy in, 141;and indirect rule, 221;revolution, 214–220;seizure of 49, 143, 148, 165;industrial power by, 221 expansion in, 150;integration of Bonnets Rouges rebellion, 100 trust networks in, 164;Jewish Borbon, Juan Carlos de: ascension of, emigration to, 129;landlords in, 157; 234;democratic efforts of, 234 language in, 135;Liberals vs. Bordeaux, 95–96;administrative shift Conservatives, 19;middle-class in, 107;autonomist movement in, expansion in, 158;military 114;conformity of, 97;democracy expenditure of, 158;mobilization of, in, 98;Parlement of, 96;state 159;parliament, 144;parliamentary trajectory of, 98 expansion in, 34, 147;parliamentary Bosnia, 33;Austrian annexation of, reform in, 149;political divisions of, 230;Austrian control of, 229 136–140;political identity of, 166; Bosnia-Herzegovina: Freedom House political pacification of, 28;political analysis of, 209;nondemocratic participation in, 145;radical 281 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-0-521-53713-1 - Contention and Democracy in Europe, 1650–2000 Charles Tilly Index More information Index Britain (cont.) Cadours, taxes in, 110 reformers of, 23;reduced role of Caen, autonomist movement in, 114 royalty in, 158;reform bills in, 163; Caetano, Marcello, 235 regime fluctuations in, 142;religious Calvinists: in Switzerland, 169;vs. influence in, 140;religious rights in, industrialized Zurich, 188 6;reorganization of, 28;response to Camisard rebellions, 100 mobilization of, 25;revolutionary Canada, 6;colonialism in, 244; situations of, 137–138;17th-century colonization of, 25;reliance on crises of, 140;similarities with indigenous persons in, 244 France of, 6–7;social movements in, Cape Verde, Portuguese withdrawal 153, 159;success of, 51;suppression from, 235 of Irish nationalists by, 161;taxation capital, 7;accumulation of, 45, 46;in in, 147;tenant disenfranchisement Britain, 139, 140;concentration of, in, 157;vs. France, 6, 164–167; 46;definition of, 46;distribution of, William III and, 71 54;in France, 100;France vs. British Reform Act of 1832, 28; Britain, 167;growth of, 50;in Low creation of, 3–4;effects of, 4;vs. Countries, 80;in regime formation, British Reform Act of 1867, 3 251–252;in Switzerland, British Reform Act of 1867;creation 198 of, 5;effect of, 5;vs. British Reform capitalism: agricultural, 166;Artesian Act of 1832, 3 agricultural, 112;material British Union of 1707, 143 inequalities and, 18 Brittany: guerrilla attacks in, 114; capitalization, in France and England, indirect rule of, 50;open rebellion 28 in, 114 Caramani, Daniele: criticism of, 213; brokerage, 93;of coalitions, in on democracy, 213;on Greece, 231; Switzerland, 195;definition of, 58; omissions of, 216 mass rebellions and, 88 Caribbean: democratic colonization of, Brunswick Clubs, 151 26;independence of, 246 Brunswickers, 154 Carlos IV, abdication of, 84 Bucher, Erwin, 195 Carnavon, Lord, 5 Buhler,¨