Maine State Rail Plan TABLE OF CONTENTSview Chapter 1 Framework of the Maine State Rail Plan 1.1 Purpose of the State Rail Plan 1.1 1.2 Visions, Goals, Objectives of the Maine State Rail Plan 1.3 1.3 Transportation and Rail Planning in Maine 1.6 . Figure 1-1: MaineDOT Organizational Chart 1.7 . Figure 1-2: Maine’s MPO Areas 1.10 . Figure 1-3: Regional Planning and Development Councils 1.11 1.4 Public and Stakeholder Involvement 1.12 1.5 Review of Freight and Passenger Rail Planning Studies 1.17 1.6 Evaluation Criteria 1.18 Chapter 2 Freight Rail System 2.1 Overview 2.1 . Figure 2-1: North American Class I Rail Connections 2.2 . Figure 2-2: Map of MM&A Abandonment 2.6 . Figure 2-3: State of Maine Owned Rail Status 2.10 2.2 Freight Rail Industry Development 2.10 2.3 Maine’s Freight Railroad Facilities 2.12 2.4 International, National and Regional Context 2.21 . Figure 2-4: Canadian Class I Connections to Maine System 2.21 . Figure 2-5: Northeast U.S. Rail Freight System 2.22 . Figure 2-6: NS, CP, PAS and PAR Corridors 2.23 . Figure 2-7: Railroad Return on Investment and Cost of Capital 2.24 2.5 Freight Rail Issues and System Constraints 2.24 . Figure 2-8: Estimated National Highway System Peak-Period Congestion 2.25 . Figure 2-9: Estimated Rail Freight Service Levels, 2035 2.25 . Figure 2-10: Rail Clearance and Weight Constraints 2.28 . Figure 2-11: Auto Carrier and Intermodal Rail Car Clearance Requirements 2.29 JULY 2014 Maine State Rail Plan Chapter 3 Passenger Rail System Overview 3.1 Maine’s Vision for Passenger Rail 3.1 Current Conditions 3.1 3.1 Brief History of Passenger Rail in Maine 3.1 3.2 Intercity Passenger Rail 3.2 . Figure 3-1: Amtrak’s Rail Network 3.2 . Figure 3-2: Intercity and Commuter Rail Volume 3.3 . Figure 3-3: Amtrak Downeaster Stations 3.4 . Figure 3-4: Downeaster Ridership FY2003 Through FY2012 3.8 . Figure 3-5: Amtrak Downeaster Schedule - April 2013 3.9 3.3 Passenger Rail Investment Challenges and Opportunities 3.10 . Figure 3-6: Identified Passenger Rail Initiatives 3.13 . Figure 3-7: Vision for High-Speed Rail in America 3.18 . Figure 3-8: New England Vision for High-Speed and Intercity Passenger Rail 3.19 . Figure 3-9: Downeaster Corridor Improvements Plan 3.20 3.4 Passenger Rail Needs 3.20 Commodity Flow, Demographic, Environmental, and Economic Conditions and Chapter 4 Trends 4.1 Commodity Flow Data and Analysis 4.1 . Figure 4-1: Share of Maine Rail Freight by Origin, Termination, Intrastate, or Through Traffic 4.2 . Figure 4-2: Growth in Rail and All Modal Freight Tonnage, 1997 - 2007 4.5 . Figure 4-3: Annual Rail Freight Shipments (Tons/Mile) 4.6 . Figure 4-4: Share of Rail Traffic Originating Elsewhere and Terminating in Maine, by Commodity, 2007 4.7 . Figure 4-5: Origin of Rail Freight Destined to Maine 4.8 . Figure 4-6: Rail Flow Destined to Maine by County 4.9 . Figure 4-7: Share of Freight Originating in Maine by Commodity 4.10 . Figure 4-8: Destination of Rail Freight Originating from Maine 4.11 JULY 2014 Maine State Rail Plan . Figure 4-9: Rail Flow Originating from Maine by County 4.12 . Figure 4-10: Maine Intrastate Movement by Origin and Destination County, 2007 4.13 . Figure 4-11: Maine Intrastate Commodity Movements, 2007 4.13 . Figure 4-12: Maine Through Traffic Commodities Share by Tonnage, 2007 4.15 . Figure 4-13: Maine Border Crossings 4.16 . Figure 4-14: Shape of All Maine Rail Tonnage by Origin and Destination Railroad 4.17 4.2 Modal Comparison 4.17 . Figure 4-15: Share of Total Freight Shipments by Mode and Tonnage: United States and Maine, 2007 4.18 . Figure 4-16: Maine Exports and U.S. and Canada (17.77M Tons) 4.19 . Figure 4-17: Maine Exports to Canada (1.29M Tons) 4.19 . Figure 4-18: Exports - Top United States Trading Partners by Mode 4.21 . Figure 4-19: Imports to Maine by Mode (32.4M Metric Tons) - 2007 4.22 . Figure 4-20: Maine Imports from U.S. and Canada by Mode (15.67M Tons) 4.23 . Figure 4-21: Imports to Maine from Canada by Rail - by Province of Origin 4.24 . Figure 4-22: Maine Internal Shipments by Truck and Rail 4.26 . Figure 4-23: Maine Truck Internal Shipments (38.7M Tons) 4.26 . Figure 4-24: Maine Rail Internal Shipments (1.2M Tons) 4.27 4.3 Value of Freight 4.27 . Figure 4-25: Share of Total Freight Shipments by Mod and Value: United States and Maine, 2007 4.28 . Figure 4-26: Maine Freight Shipments in Thousands of Tons by Direction: Rail and Truck, 2007 4.28 4.4 Demographic Drivers 4.32 . Figure 4-27: Maine Population Forecast, 2008 to 2035 4.33 . Figure 4-28: Maine Population Forecast by Counties, 2008 4.33 . Figure 4-29: Maine Population Forecast by County, 2008 to 2035 4.34 . Figure 4-30: Maine Population Density, 2000 4.35 . Figure 4-31: Metro Nation: How U.S. Metropolitan Areas Fuel American Prosperity 4.36 . Figure 4-32: Maine Employment Forecast in Rail Dependant Industries, 2008 to 2035 4.37 . Figure 4-33: Maine Employment Forecast by Counties 4.37 JULY 2014 Maine State Rail Plan . Figure 4-34: Maine Retail Sales Forecast (Billion 2008$) 4.38 . Figure 4-35: Maine Retail Sales Forecast by County (Billion 2008$) 4.39 . Figure 4-36: 2008 Exports of NAICS Total Merchandise from Maine 4.40 . Figure 4-37: Canadian Trading Provinces CGP Forecast by Industry 4.41 . Figure 4-38: U.S. Trading States GDP Forecast by Industry 4.43 . Figure 4-39: Maine GDP Forecast by Industry (in 2000 $M’s) 4.47 4.5 Environmental Sustainability of Rail 4.49 . Figure 4-40: Greenhouse Gas Emissions By Economic Sector 4.50 . Figure 4-41: Historical Rail Freight Volume and Fuel Consumption 4.51 . Figure 4-42: Cumulative Reduction in Greenhouse Gas Emissions 4.52 Chapter 5 Safety and Security 5.1 Federal and State Roles 5.1 5.2 Passenger Rail Safety & Security 5.6 5.3 Hazardous Materials Transportation Safety 5.6 Chapter 6 Trade Corridors - Context for Investment 6.1 Critical Rail Corridors Program 6.1 . Figure 6-1: Trade Corridors 6.3 . Figure 6-2: Critical Rail 6.4 . Figure 6-3: 40 Year Freight Transportation Average Length of Haul 6.6 . Figure 6-4: Average Class 1 Rail Length of Haul, 2002 6.7 . Figure 6-5: Estimated Average Daily Long-Haul Traffic on the National Highway System: 2035 6.7 . Figure 6-6: Corridors of the Future 6.9 . Figure 6-7: Mega Region Trade Centers Connected by I-95 6.9 . Figure 6-8: Maine Portion of I-95 Corridor 6.10 . Figure 6-9: I-95 Corridor Coalition NEROPS 6.11 . Figure 6-10: Atlantica Region 6.11 . Figure 6-11: International Port Trading Routes 6.12 . Figure 6-12: Marine Connections for Atlantica 6.12 JULY 2014 Maine State Rail Plan . Figure 6-13: Atlantica Rail Routes 6.13 . Figure 6-14: New England - Canadian Interstate Heavy Truck Route Network 6.14 . Figure 6-15: CanAm Region 6.14 . Figure 6-16: CanAm Recommendations for East - West 6.15 . Figure 6-17: CanAm Intermodal Terminal Analysis 6.15 6.2 Maine’s Critical Rail Corridors 6.16 . Figure 6-18: Critical Rail 6.18 . Figure 6-19: Southern Maine Gateway Corridor 6.19 . Figure 6-20: The Rail-to-Port Triangle 6.20 . Figure 6-21: Mountain Division-to-Port of Portland Corridor Initiative 6.21 . Figure 6-22: Multimodal Freight Corridor 6.22 . Figure 6-23: Aroostook County VMT Trends, 1198 - 2008 6.25 6.3 Modal Diversion as a Public Policy 6.26 Chapter 7 Funding Options for Railroad Investment 7.1 State of Maine Rail Funding and Financing 7.1 7.2 Federal Funds 7.8 . Figure 7-1: First Round of U.S. High-Speed Rail Grants, 2010 7.11 7.3 Freight and Rail Funding Programs in Other States 7.16 7.4 Rail Program Financing Approaches 7.19 Chapter 8 Findings and Recommendations The Maine State Rail Plan 2012 - 2016 8.1 . Figure 8-1: Freight Transportation Mode Share 8.2 . Figure 8-2: U.S. Railroads Improved Efficiency 8.3 8.1 Key Findings 8.4 . Figure 8-3: Downeaster Route Train Density and Capacity Constraints 8.6 . Figure 8-4: Danville Junction FRIP Project 8.9 8.2 Maine State Rail Plan, 2013 - 2018 8.12 Purpose 8.12 JULY 2014 Maine State Rail Plan Appendices Appendix A - TAC Technical Advisory Committee A.1 Appendix B - Passenger Rail Investment and Improvement Act of 2008 - Requirements for State Rail Plans B.1 Appendix C - Maine Rail Abandonment History C.1 Appendix D - Surface Transportation Board Abandonment Procedures Summary D.1 Appendix E - Rail Ports, Airports and Trucking Terminals E.1 Appendix F - Review of Maine Paper Industry, 2010 F.6 Appendix G - Study References G.7 Appendix H - Glossary of Terms H.8 Appendix I - Survey of State Owned Rail Lines I.9 Appendix J - Transit Technology Review J.10 Appendix K - Tourist Rail Operations K.11 Appendix L - Public Outreach Materials L.12 Appendix M - Summary of Plans, Reports and Studies M.13 JULY 2014 Maine State Rail Plan CHAPTER 1 CHAPTER 1 | Framework of the Maine State Rail Plan Overview MaineDOT recognizes that freight and passenger rail service is an important element of the state’s transportation network.