Chapter 1 Chapter 2 Chapter 3 Chapter 4 Component-4 Adaptation strategies of GO and NGOs combating climate change impacts: a study on perception of communities in the coastal areas Principal Investigator Dr. Ishrat Islam Department of Urban & Regional Planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) Co-Investigator Dr. Md. Shakil Akhter Department of Urban & Regional Planning Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET) 4-i TABLE OF CONTENTS LIST OF TABLES ............................................................................................................... 4-iii LIST OF FIGURES .............................................................................................................. 4-v ACRONYMS AND ABBREVIATIONS ............................................................................ 4-vi ABSTRACT ......................................................................................................................... 4-vii CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................... 4-1 1.1 Background of the Study ............................................................................................... 4-1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ................................................................................................. 4-2 1.3 Study Area Selection ..................................................................................................... 4-2 CHAPTER 2 LITERATURE REVIEW ........................................................................... 4-5 2.1 Definitions ..................................................................................................................... 4-5 2.2 Conceptual frame work for measuring vulnerability .................................................... 4-5 2.2.1 Measurement of Individual (Household) Vulnerability.................................................... 4-6 2.2.2 Measurement of Collective Social Vulnerability ............................................................. 4-9 2.3 Conceptual framework for evaluating adaptation strategies ......................................... 4-9 CHAPTER 3 METHODOLOGY .................................................................................... 4-12 Literature review ............................................................................................................... 4-12 Secondary Data Collection ................................................................................................ 4-14 Primary Data Collection .................................................................................................... 4-14 Data entry, Data processing and Map preparation ............................................................ 4-14 Data analysis ..................................................................................................................... 4-14 Final report preparation ..................................................................................................... 4-15 CHAPTER 4 STUDY AREA PROFILE ........................................................................ 4-16 Geographical location ....................................................................................................... 4-16 4.1 Socio-economic Profile ............................................................................................... 4-16 4.1.1 Demographic Information .............................................................................................. 4-16 4.1.2 Income and Poverty ........................................................................................................ 4-17 4.1.3 Agriculture ...................................................................................................................... 4-19 4.1.4 Educational facilities and literacy ................................................................................... 4-20 4.1.5 Social institutions ........................................................................................................... 4-20 4.2 Infrastructural profile .................................................................................................. 4-21 4.2.1 Habitation ....................................................................................................................... 4-21 4.2.2 Health facilities ............................................................................................................... 4-21 4.2.3 Water supply ................................................................................................................... 4-22 4-i 4.2.4 Sanitation ........................................................................................................................ 4-24 4.2.5 Electricity ....................................................................................................................... 4-24 4.2.6 Transportation ................................................................................................................. 4-24 4.2.7 Dam ................................................................................................................................ 4-25 4.2.8 Cyclone shelter ............................................................................................................... 4-25 CHAPTER 5 ASSESSMENT OF SOCIO-ECONOMIC VULNERABILITY DUE TO CLIMATE CHANGE ......................................................................................................... 4-27 5.1 Analysis of individual socio-economic vulnerability .................................................. 4-27 5.2 Analysis of collective social vulnerability .................................................................. 4-30 CHAPTER 6 ANALYSIS OF ADAPTATION STRATEGIES PRACTICED BY GO AND NGOS IN THE COASTAL AREA .............................................................................. 32 6.1Adaptation measures practiced in the study areas ........................................................... 32 6.1.1 Water ................................................................................................................................. 32 6.1.2 Agricultural adaptation ................................................................................................... 4-35 6.1.3 Settlement and Infrastructural Adaptation ...................................................................... 4-36 6.1.4 Human health .................................................................................................................. 4-39 6.1.5 Tourism ........................................................................................................................... 4-39 6.1.6 Transport ......................................................................................................................... 4-39 6.1.7 Energy ............................................................................................................................. 4-40 6.1.8 Technical Adjustments ................................................................................................... 4-40 6.2 Comparison between adaptation measures proposed by IPCC and adaptation measures practiced by GO & NGO at study areas ............................................................................ 4-40 CHAPTER 7 PEOPLE’S PERCEPTION REGARDING ADAPTATION STRATEGIES ..................................................................................................................... 4-43 7.1Community’s knowledge about adaptation measures .................................................. 4-43 7.2 Community’s perception about adaptation measures .................................................. 4-44 CHAPTER 8 CONCLUSION .......................................................................................... 4-48 8.1 Recommendation ......................................................................................................... 4-48 8.2 Conclusion ................................................................................................................... 4-49 REFERENCES .................................................................................................................... 4-50 APPENDIX I ....................................................................................................................... 4-52 4-ii LIST OF TABLES Table 1.1: Selected study areas .............................................................................................. 4-4 Table 2.1: Adaptation measures proposed by IPCC ............................................................ 4-10 Table 3.1: Most Climate Vulnerable Unions in Coastal Area of Bangladesh .................... 4-12 Table 4.1: Geographical location of the study areas ............................................................ 4-16 Table 4.2: Population and demographic data of the unions ................................................. 4-17 Table 4.3: Income and poverty condition of the study unions ............................................. 4-17 Table 4.4: Income distribution functions of the four unions ............................................... 4-18 Table 4.5: Distribution of Households by Main Occupation ............................................... 4-18 Table 4.6: Profile of educational institutions at study areas ................................................ 4-20 Table 4.7: Recent literacy rate at study areas .....................................................................