EPA/600/R-17/356 | September 2017 www.epa.gov/homeland-security-research Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery (SAM) 2017 Office of Research and Development Homeland Security Research Program This page left intentionally blank EPA/600/R-17/356 | September 2017 Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery (SAM) 2017 UNITED STATES ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AGENCY Cincinnati, OH 45268 Office of Research and Development Homeland Security Research Program Disclaimer Disclaimer The U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) through its Office of Research and Development funded and managed the research described here under Contract EP-C-15-012 to CSRA Inc. This document is undergoing review and has not been approved for publication. The contents reflect the views of the contributors and technical work groups and do not necessarily reflect the views of the Agency. Mention of trade names or commercial products in this document or in the methods referenced in this document does not constitute endorsement or recommendation for use. Questions concerning this document or its application should be addressed to: Romy Campisano National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development (NG16) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 26 West Martin Luther King Drive Cincinnati, OH 45268 (513) 569-7016 [email protected] Kathy Hall National Homeland Security Research Center Office of Research and Development (NG16) U.S. Environmental Protection Agency 26 West Martin Luther King Drive Cincinnati, OH 45268 (513) 379-5260 [email protected] SAM 2017 ii September 2017 Use of This Document Use of This Document The information contained in this document represents the latest step in an ongoing effort of the Environmental Protection Agency’s (EPA’s) Homeland Security Research Program (HSRP) to provide selected analytical methods to laboratories tasked with analyzing environmental samples in support of EPA remediation and recovery efforts following an intentional or accidental homeland security-related contamination incident. The information is intended for use by EPA and EPA-contracted and - subcontracted laboratories; it also can be used by other agencies and laboratory networks, such as the Integrated Consortium of Laboratory Networks (ICLN). The information also can be found on the Selected Analytical Methods for Environmental Remediation and Recovery (SAM) website (https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security-research/sam), which provides searchable links to supporting information regarding selected methods. At this time, not all of the methods that have been selected have been validated for the listed analyte and sample type. These methods, however, are considered to contain the most appropriate currently available techniques, based on expert judgment. Method usability tiers are assigned to provide an indication of the applicability of the methods that have been selected to address the chemistry, pathogen and biotoxin analytes (i.e., the extent to which the methods have been tested and applied for analysis of the specific analyte and sample type for which they have been selected). Unless a method states specific applicability to the analyte/sample type for which it has been selected, it should be assumed that method evaluation is needed, and adjustments may be required to accurately account for variations in analyte/sample type characteristics, environmental samples, analytical interferences, and data quality objectives (DQOs). EPA will strive to continue development and evaluation of analytical methods and protocols, including optimization of procedures for measuring target analytes or agents in specific sample types, as appropriate. In those cases where method procedures are determined to be insufficient for a particular situation, HSRP will continue to provide technical support regarding appropriate actions. HSRP has also compiled information and published documents regarding sample collection, rapid screening/ preliminary identification equipment, and disposal of samples corresponding to the analytes and sample types addressed in this document. This information is available at https://www.epa.gov/homeland-security- research/sam-companion-documents-and-sample-collection-procedures. SAM 2017 iii September 2017 Abbreviations and Acronyms Abbreviations and Acronyms ACS American Chemical Society AOAC AOAC International (formerly the Association of Official Analytical Chemists) APCI Atmospheric Pressure Chemical Ionization APHA American Public Health Association APHL Association of Public Health Laboratories ASM American Society for Microbiology ASR Analytical Service Requests ASTM ASTM International (formerly the American Society for Testing and Materials) ATP Alternate test procedure ATSDR Agency of Toxic Substances & Disease Registry AWWA American Water Works Association BA Bacillus anthracis BAM Bacteriological Analytical Manual BCYE Buffered charcoal yeast extract BCYE GPCV Buffered charcoal yeast extract with glycine, polymyxin B, cycloheximide and vancomycin BCYE PCV Buffered charcoal yeast extract with polymyxin B, cycloheximide and vancomycin BEH Ethylene-bridged hybrid BGMK Buffalo green monkey kidney BHT Butylated hydroxytoluene BMBL Biosafety in Microbiological and Biomedical Laboratories BoNT Botulinum neurotoxin BSL Biosafety level BTX Brevetoxin BZ Quinuclidinyl benzilate °C Degree Celsius CAS RN® Chemical Abstracts Service Registry Number CBR Chemical, biological and/or radiological CCD Charge-coupled device CCID Coordinating Center for Infectious Diseases CDC Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CFR Code of Federal Regulations CFSAN Center for Food Safety and Applied Nutrition (U.S. Food and Drug Administration) CHCA α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid CLLE Continuous liquid-liquid extraction CLP Contract Laboratory Program CPE Cytopathic effect cps Counts per second CT Cycle threshold CVAA 2-Chlorovinylarsonous acid CVAFS Cold vapor atomic fluorescence spectrometry CVAOA 2-Chlorovinylarsonic acid CWA Chemical Warfare Agent 2,4-D 2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid DA Domoic acid DAI Direct aqueous injection DAPI 4',6-Diamidino-2-phenylindole DAS Diacetoxyscirpenol DAS-HG-HSA Diacetoxyscirpenol hemiglutarate human serum albumin DAS-HS-HRP Diacetoxyscirpenol hemisuccinate horseradish peroxidase conjugate SAM 2017 iv September 2017 Abbreviations and Acronyms DB-1 100% Dimethylpolysiloxane DBPR Division of Bioterrorism Preparedness and Response dcNEOSTX Decarbamoylneosaxitoxin dcSTX Decarbamoylsaxitoxin DHHS U.S. Department of Health and Human Services DHS U.S. Department of Homeland Security DIC Differential interference contrast DIMP Diisopropyl methylphosphonate DL Detection limit DNA Deoxyribonucleic acid 2,4-DNPH 2,4-Dinitrophenylhydrazine DOC U.S. Department of Commerce DoD U.S. Department of Defense DOE U.S. Department of Energy DOT U.S. Department of Transportation DPD N,N-Diethyl-p-phenylenediamine DQO Data quality objective DTPA Diethylenetriamine-pentaacetate DVL Detection verification level EA2192 S-2-(Diisopropylamino)ethyl methylphosphonothioic acid EC Escherichia coli ECD Electron capture detector e-CFR Electronic Code of Federal Regulations ECL Electrochemiluminescence ED Ethyldichloroarsine EDC 1-Ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide hydrochloride EDEA N-Ethyldiethanolamine EDL Estimated detection limit EDTA Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid EDXA Energy dispersive X-ray analysis ELFA Enzyme-linked fluorescent immunoassay ELISA Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay EMC Emission Measurement Center EML Environmental Measurements Laboratory EMMI Environmental Monitoring Methods Index EMPA Ethyl methylphosphonic acid EMSL Environmental Monitoring and Support Laboratory EPA U.S. Environmental Protection Agency EQL Estimated quantitation limit ERLN Environmental Response Laboratory Network ESI Electrospray ionization ESI-MS-MS Electrospray ionization - tandem mass spectrometry ETV Environmental Technology Verification FA immunofluorescence assay FBI U.S. Federal Bureau of Investigation FDA U.S. Food and Drug Administration FEMS Federation of European Microbiological Societies FGC-ECD Fast gas chromatography with electron capture detection FID Flame ionization detector FL Fluorescence detector FPD Flame photometric detector FRET Forster resonance energy transfer SAM 2017 v September 2017 Abbreviations and Acronyms FRhK-4 Fetal rhesus monkey kidney FRMAC Federal Radiological Monitoring and Assessment Center FSIS Food Safety and Inspection Service GA Tabun GB Sarin GC Gas chromatograph or Gas chromatography GC-ECD Gas chromatography-electron capture detector GC-FID Gas chromatography-flame ionization detector GC-FPD Gas chromatography-flame photometric detector GC-MS Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry GC-MS-TOF Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry-time of flight GC-NPD Gas chromatography-nitrogen-phosphorus detector GD Soman GE 1-Methylethyl ester ethylphosphonofluoridic acid Ge Germanium Ge(Li) Germanium (Lithium) GF Cyclohexyl sarin GFAA Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometer or Graphite furnace atomic absorption spectrophotometry GTX Gonyautoxins HASL Health and Safety Laboratory, currently known as National Urban Security Technology Laboratory (NUSTL) HAV Hepatitis A virus HCoV Human coronavirus HD Sulfur mustard / mustard gas; bis(2-chloroethyl) sulfide HEPA High-efficiency particulate air HEV Hepatitis E virus HFBA Heptafluorobutyric anhydride HFBI Heptafluorobutyrylimidazole HHS U.S. Health and Human Services HILIC Hydrophilic interaction