Methodology Study Eco-design of Energy-using Products Final Report MEEUP Methodology Report Contractor: Client: VHK European Commission Van Holsteijn en Kemna BV DG ENTR, Unit ENTR/G/3, René Kemna contact: Michaïl Papadoyannakis Martijn van Elburg William Li in collaboration with DG TREN, Unit D1, contact: Rob van Holsteijn André Brisaer Rue de la Loi 200 Delftech Park 1100 Brussels Elektronicaweg 14 Belgium 2628 XG Delft Netherlands DISCLAIMER & IMPORTANT NOTE The authors accept no liability for any material or immaterial direct or indirect damage resulting from the use of this report or its content. Note: This report contains the results of research by the authors and is not to be perceived as the opinion of the European Commission. VHK, Delft, 28.11.2005 MEEuP Methodology Report, Final | 28.11.2005 | VHK for European Commission 1 CONTENTS page Summary.............................................................................................................................................7 1 INTRODUCTION ....................................................................................................................11 1.1 Aim....................................................................................................................................................... 11 1.2 Article 15.............................................................................................................................................. 11 1.3 Structuring............................................................................................................................................ 16 1.4 Reporting.............................................................................................................................................. 19 2 SCOPE: DOMAIN OF ECO-DESIGNER.............................................................................21 2.1 Products................................................................................................................................................ 21 2.2 Product development............................................................................................................................ 22 2.3 Energy-using Products ......................................................................................................................... 24 2.4 EuP Industry......................................................................................................................................... 25 2.5 Integrated Product Policy..................................................................................................................... 27 2.6 Indicators for Designers ....................................................................................................................... 28 3 ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT: METHODOLOGY...........................................................30 3.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 30 3.1.1 Assignment.............................................................................................................................. 30 3.1.2 Directive.................................................................................................................................. 30 3.1.3 Existing legislation.................................................................................................................. 31 3.1.4 International Treaties............................................................................................................... 31 3.1.5 EU Air and Water Quality Framework Directives .................................................................. 31 3.1.6 Non Regulated Substances ...................................................................................................... 32 3.2 Parameters Required ............................................................................................................................ 33 3.3 Energy .................................................................................................................................................. 34 3.3.1 Introduction ............................................................................................................................. 34 3.3.2 Accounting Unit and Auxiliary Parameters............................................................................. 34 3.3.3 Process vs. I/O Analysis.......................................................................................................... 35 3.3.4 System boundaries................................................................................................................... 36 3.3.5 Multi-product processes and multi-process products .............................................................. 37 3.3.6 Recycling................................................................................................................................. 38 3.3.7 Product Life & Number of Users ............................................................................................ 43 3.3.8 Functional unit......................................................................................................................... 45 3.4 Water.................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.5 Waste.................................................................................................................................................... 46 3.6 Global Warming Potential [Kyoto] ...................................................................................................... 48 3.7 Ozone Depletion Potential [ Montreal ] ............................................................................................... 51 3.8 Acidification [ Gothenburg ] ................................................................................................................ 53 3.9 Volatile Organic Compounds VOCs.................................................................................................... 57 3.10 Persistent Organic Pollutants [ Stockholm ]......................................................................................... 58 3.11 Heavy Metals To Air [Århus] .............................................................................................................. 59 3.12 Particulate Matter ................................................................................................................................. 63 3.13 Water emissions ................................................................................................................................... 64 3.14 Other..................................................................................................................................................... 68 3.14.1 Hazardous Substances ............................................................................................................. 68 3.14.2 Land-use.................................................................................................................................. 71 3.14.3 Product specific emissions ......................................................................................................71 3.15 Summary and Normalisation Options .................................................................................................. 71 4 ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYSIS: DATA RETRIEVAL....................................................73 4.1 Introduction.......................................................................................................................................... 73 MEEuP Methodology Report, Final | 28.11.2005 | VHK for European Commission 2 4.2 Data Required....................................................................................................................................... 73 4.3 Data Sources Available ........................................................................................................................ 75 4.3.1 Full LCA ................................................................................................................................. 75 4.3.2 Simplified LCA ....................................................................................................................... 77 4.3.3 Legislation............................................................................................................................... 79 4.3.4 Industry associations ............................................................................................................... 81 4.3.5 Other sources........................................................................................................................... 82 4.3.6 Physical product analysis ........................................................................................................ 83 4.3.7 Stakeholder experts ................................................................................................................. 83 4.4 Data Retrieval Use Phase ..................................................................................................................... 83 4.4.1 Harmonised Test Standards..................................................................................................... 83 4.4.2 Use Phase: Consumer Behaviour ...........................................................................................