Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01937-9 - Plagiarism in Latin Literature Scott McGill Index More information Index Adaeus 147–148, 150, 154–155, 156, 157, triumph 44 158, 159 defeat of Anthony and Cleopatra 44–45 Adelphoe see Terence Virgil and Augustus 217–220 aemulatio/productive change 50, 156–158 Vitruvius’ relationship with Augustus 43–45 improving sources as a recognized goal in Ausonius 9, 12, 13–16, 91 translation/imitation 156, 207 authorship psychological in character 156 creativity/originality, and 19–20, 21–22, 39, as synonym for imitari 188 40–41, 50–51 Aeneid (Virgil) 170, 172–173, 205 plagiarism as means of claiming 2–3, 11–12, and Homer 193–195, 204–206 13–16, 22–24 Varius editor 214 recognized in Roman antiquity 16–17, 67, 83, Afranius, Lucius 127–128 124, 149, 151, 152, 199, 200 Compitalia 198 Avitus, Quintus Octavius 178–179, 183 Albinus, Rufius 127–128, 174 defence of Virgil see Macrobius Bavius 185 Alexander the Great 45 booksellers/book trade 11–12 Alexandria 36–37, 44, 45 booksellers’ ownership of material text 16, alieni usurpatio 9, 199–200 82–83 allusions 166, 197 booksellers’ right of usus 16, 83 Apollinaris, Sidonius 222 Brutus see Cicero Aristophanes of Byzantium 36–37, 44–45 Artemon 158–159, 160–161, 161–162 Cassius of Parma 211 Astronomica (Manilius) 57–60 Catullus 47, 77 demonstrating Manilius’ originality 57–58, Cicero 1–3, 18–19, 190 59–60, 220 Brutus 2–3, 19, 22, 24, 165 derivativeness and plagiarism 59–60 conceptualizing plagiarism as stealing/intent to notion of plagiarism 58–59 deceive 2–3 Atticus 1–2 distinguishing legitimate imitation from attribution stealing 2–3, 6, 165 attributed works the norm in Latin literary letter to Atticus joking about plagiarism 1–2 culture 17–18 naming sources 51 implying property 200, 202 ownership of content of work as author 16, 83 plays belonging to authors as attributed rhetoric 60, 61, 62 works 124 Verrines 168–169 of sententiae 67 circulation Augustus 57, 218–220 oral and textual 6, 16–17 addressed in De architectura 35, 38, 41, 44–45 see also publication ordering Cassius’ death 211 Clodius, Servius 38 Palatine library 26, 44 Codex Salmasianus 217–218 promoting the standing of specialists 43 Colax (Menander) 126–127, 130–131, 131–132 resembling Ptolemy 44 Colax (Naevius) 123, 134 235 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01937-9 - Plagiarism in Latin Literature Scott McGill Index More information 236 Index Colax (Plautus) 123, 134 friendship with Seneca the Elder 164 comedy see under Greece; see Terence Gellius, Aulus 180–181 Commorientes (Plautus) 136–138 Georgics (Virgil) 58–59, 210 Compitalia (Afranius) 198 ghostwriting 100, 140–143 Controversiae see Seneca the Elder and plagiarism 14, 140–141 copyright and plagiarism 10–12, 36 Greece and commercial book trade 11–12 Old and New Comedy 6, 7, 116, 118 plagiarism 6–7 De architectura see Vitruvius evidence 6, 7, 20 Diphilus migrating from Greece to Rome 7, 116 Synapothescontes 136–138, 139 terms for plagiarism 6–7 Donatus, Aelius 117, 118, 119, 210–211 Donatus auctus 218–220 Hieria, Plotia 212, 213–214 Donatus, Tiberius Claudius 183, 184, 212, 213–214 Historia naturalis (Pliny the Elder) 46–56 Dorus the Bookseller 83 close repetition in research as plagiarism 25 demonstrating Pliny’s scholarly effort and Eclogues (Virgil) 210–211, 215–216 research 53–55 not forgeries 210 flattering Titus and demonstrating devotion Egypt 47–48, 55–56 Augustus’ defeat of Anthony and Cleopatra giving Pliny’s sources 25–26, 48–49, 51–53, 55 44–45 notion of plagiarism 50–53 plagiarism 36–37 plagiarists’ failure to cite sources 25–26, 49–50, Ptolemy see Ptolemy 52–53 Ennius 2–3, 165 promoting Pliny’s historical objectivity 47 Eugraphius 118, 119, 131 promoting Pliny’s virtues and authority 46–47, Eunuchus see Terence 48, 51, 52–56, 220 Eunuchus (Menander) 121, 122, 130–131 Homer 38, 57, 179, 193–195, 204–206 Eusebius 7, 29 Iliad 217 Eustathius 193–195, 196–197, 204 Little Iliad 216 Evangelus 185, 186 Odyssey 217 exempla/exemplarity 68–69 Phocais 216 see also imitatio/imitation as victim of plagiarism 216–217 Horace 7, 26–27, 185, 211, 215 Faustus, Perellius 178–179, 183 Fidentius see Martial Iliad (Homer) 217 forgery 81, 94 imitatio/imitation 2–3, 6, 9 compared to plagiarism 3–4, 210 allusions 166, 197 Eclogues not forgeries 210 audiences not always assuming imitatio 195 Fortunatus, Venantius 8 concealing sources a facet of imitatio 196–197 fructus legendi 187–189 cultural norm of imitatio 6, 68–69, 188, 189, furtum 8–9, 10 191–192, 197 manifestum furtum designating theft caught imitating across borders of rhetorical prose/ in the act 95 poetry 163–164 meaning “plagiarism” 49–50, 58–59, 94, 116, improving a source a recognized goal in 123, 136–137, 138, 141 imitation 156 Fuscus, Arellius 147–151, 154–158, 160, 167, 207 legitimate imitation 2–3, 21–22 exposure to plagiarism accusation 147–151 proper approach to imitatio 39, 62–63, 71, imitating lines of Virgil 163–164 204–207, 208–209 response to accusation 154–158, 162–163 exempla/exemplarity, importance of 68–69 authorial intention 155, 160 and fructus legendi 187–189 translation and plagiarism 156–158, 207 hiding sources 22–24, 25–26, 40, 41, 63, 71, 162, value of Fuscus promoted 156 165–166, 193–196 inert following of models 40, 50–51, 59–60, 71 Gallio, Junius 164–167 measuring imitation against its source friendship with Ovid 165, 166 207–208 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01937-9 - Plagiarism in Latin Literature Scott McGill Index More information Index 237 and plagiarism 159–160, 165, 166–167, 189–190, Seneca’s denial of his plagiarism 158, 196–197 160–163 distancing from plagiarism by enlisting unfounded allegations that Silo plagiarized his imitatio as cultural norm 189 sententia 167–177 plagiarism different from a poor version of Laverna, “goddess of thieves” 9 imitation 27–28 Lenaeus 33–34, 38 plagiarism used metaphorically to highlight Little Iliad (Homer) 216 similarity 26–27 Livy 48 productive imitation loosely defined 21–22 Lucilius 200 proper approach to imitatio 39, 62–63, 71, Luscius Lanuvinus see Terence 204–207, 208–209 legitimate imitation 2–3, 21–22 Macrobius 9, 174, 179–181; see also Saturnalia reach of imitatio not universal in Latin poetry Maecenas 163–164, 214 166–167 Maevius 185 research 24–26 Manilius, Marcus 69 citations 25–26, 41, 51–52 Astronomica 57–60 close repetition in research as plagiarism 25, demonstrating Manilius’ originality 57–58, 50–51 59–60, 220 contestability of research methods 40 derivativeness and plagiarism 59–60 and imitation 25, 27–28, 40 notion of plagiarism 58–59 legitimate research practices 71 imitating earlier writers 58 plagiarism different from a poor version of Martial 8–9, 215 research 27–28 accusations and genre of epigram 76–85 role in Latin literature 19–20, 21, 198–199 Fidentinus 74–76, 78–82, 83–84, 85–93 Institutio (Priscian) 69–73 legal imagery/legalisms 88–89, 95, 96, 97 legitimate research practices and plagiarism 71 literary marketplace 104, 105–106 promoting virtues of Priscian’s text 70, 72–73, meta-poetry 220 stylistic irony 97–98 using plagiarism to explain shortcomings/pre- through choice of meter 97, 101–102 empt criticism 70–72 patronage 85–93 using plagiarism to present favorably as an Quintianus 86–87 author 72–73 Paulus 74, 82–83 intentions of authors “performed I” 78–79, 91–93, 98–99, 106–107, innocence and lack of intention to deceive 109–110, 220–221 129–130, 131–132, 155, 157, 160, 161–163, 165 plagiarism accusations and self-promotion biographical details 147, 160, 161–163, 167, 77–78, 92, 98–99, 103–104, 106–107, 176, 197 109–110 critical authority/insight through friendship plagiarism accusations as entertainment 7, 165 75–76, 89–90, 91–92, 98, 103, 110–111 intentional fallacy 22–24 revealing cultural assumptions 1–2, 16 interpreting intentions and prejudice/ plagiarism as threat to authorial identity perception 24, 34, 147, 174–175, 196–197 77–78, 81 linking intention to aemulatio as a cultural plagiarius 8–9, 88–89 norm 156, 157 satiric first-person persona 78–79 means of identifying plagiarism 24, 34, 155–156, use of stable irony 83–84, 87, 95 157, 166–167, 172 wholesale plagiarism of epigrams 83–84, invective and personal attack 6, 28, 33–34 94–95, 105 Menander 7, 117, 127–128, 131 Jefferson, Thomas 222 accusations that Afranius plagiarized his work 198 Laelius, Gaius 136–137, 141, 142 Colax 126–127, 130–131, 131–132 Latro, Marcus Porcius 158–163 Eunuchus 121, 122, 130–131 friendship with Seneca the Elder 158, 162, 171 modern definitions of plagiarism 1–3, 9, 36 Hellenophobia as biographical detail 161, 162 analogous to identity theft 3–4, 11–12 leading declaimer 171 and ancient Rome 4 © in this web service Cambridge University Press www.cambridge.org Cambridge University Press 978-1-107-01937-9 - Plagiarism in Latin Literature Scott McGill Index More information 238 Index Naevius 2–3 disapproval and shaming 15, 38, 89, 183 allegations of Terence’s reuse of work 123–125, divorce 38 126–127, 129, 131–132 exile from Egypt 37 Colax 123, 134 harm to reputation 125–126, 133 Ennius borrowing from 165 Phocais (Homer) 216 Phormio see Terence Odyssey (Homer) 217 plagiarism open literary tradition and plagiarism see under aesthetic grounds/insufficient change 10, 11, Macrobius 20–22, 25, 50, 191–193 Ovid 149 and authorship 2–3, 11–12, 13–16, 22–24 and Etna 200–201 and authorial/literary value 20–21, 28–29 friendship with Gallio 165, 166 and credit 1–2,