CITY OF RALEIGH PUBLIC UTILITIES DEPARTMENT Neuse River Water Quality Sampling Final Report June 2014 Table of Contents Executive Summary Neuse River Water Quality Sampling ES.1 Study Summary........................................................................................................................................ ES-1 ES.2 Study Overview ........................................................................................................................................ ES-1 ES.3 Key Results ................................................................................................................................................ ES-1 ES.4 Recommendations for Future Work ............................................................................................... ES-3 Section 1 Introduction 1.1 Project Background.................................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.2 Study Objectives and Report Format ............................................................................................... 1-2 1.3 Constituents of Interest in the Neuse River ................................................................................... 1-3 Section 2 Water Quality of the Neuse River 2.1 NCDENR Data ............................................................................................................................................. 2-2 2.1.1 DO and Chlorophyll Exceedances ...................................................................................... 2-2 2.1.2 Fecal Coliform Exceedances ................................................................................................ 2-2 2.1.3 Metals and Industrial Pollutants........................................................................................ 2-4 2.2 LNBA Historical Data ............................................................................................................................... 2-5 2.3 Trace Chemical Constituents in the Neuse River and Region ................................................ 2-8 2.3.1 Trace Chemical Constituents in the Neuse River ........................................................ 2-9 2.3.2 Drinking Water ........................................................................................................................2-10 2.4 Summary.....................................................................................................................................................2-11 Section 3 Water Quality of the Neuse River WWTP Effluent 3.1 Historical Compliance Data for Neuse River WWTP ................................................................. 3-1 3.2 Trace Chemical Constituents in WWTPs ........................................................................................ 3-1 3.2.1 Neuse River WWTP Effluent Trace Chemical Constituent Characterization (EPA Data) ............................................................................................. 3-1 3.2.2 Literature Survey of Trace Chemical Constituents in WWTPs in the Region ............................................................................................................................ 3-6 Section 4 Study Design 4.1 Selection of Constituents for Analysis.............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1.1 Conventional Parameters ..................................................................................................... 4-1 4.1.2 Microbial Indicators ................................................................................................................ 4-2 4.1.2.1 Viruses ..................................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.2.1 Bacteria ................................................................................................................................... 4-2 4.1.2.3 Protozoa .................................................................................................................................. 4-2 4.1.3 Chemical Constituents............................................................................................................ 4-3 4.1.4 Genotoxicity ................................................................................................................................ 4-5 4.1.5 Emission- Excitation Matrix (EEM) .................................................................................. 4-6 4.2 Selection of Sampling Locations ......................................................................................................... 4-7 4.3 Sampling Frequency, Duration, and Targeted River Flow ...................................................... 4-7 4.4 Sample Type ................................................................................................................................................ 4-9 i Table of Contents • City of Raleigh – Neuse River Water Quality Sampling Report Section 5 Neuse River Study Methods 5.1 Sample Collection ...................................................................................................................................... 5-1 5.2 Methods by Analyte .................................................................................................................................. 5-2 5.3 Method Descriptions ................................................................................................................................ 5-6 5.3.1 Ames Test ..................................................................................................................................... 5-6 5.3.2 Clostridium Perfringens ........................................................................................................ 5-6 5.3.3 E. Coli, Coliforms, and Enterococci .................................................................................... 5-7 5.3.4 Emission Excitation Matrix (EEM) .................................................................................... 5-7 5.3.5 HBCD .............................................................................................................................................. 5-7 5.3.6 N-Nitrosodimethylamine ...................................................................................................... 5-8 5.3.7 Nonylphenols ............................................................................................................................. 5-8 5.3.8 Perfluorinated Compounds .................................................................................................. 5-9 5.3.9 Pharmaceuticals & Personal Care Products .................................................................. 5-9 5.3.10 Sterols & Hormones ................................................................................................................. 5-9 5.4 Statistical Methods Used ..................................................................................................................... 5-10 5.5 Considerations for Data Interpretation ........................................................................................ 5-10 Section 6 Neuse River Study Results and Discussion 6.1 Presentation of Results and Discussion ........................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.1 Organization of Results and Discussion .......................................................................... 6-1 6.1.2 Statistical Tests .......................................................................................................................... 6-1 6.1.3 Data Quality................................................................................................................................. 6-1 6.1.4 Wastewater Tracer .................................................................................................................. 6-1 6.2 River Flow, Precipitation and Time of Travel ............................................................................... 6-3 6.2.1 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 6-3 6.2.2 Interpretation ............................................................................................................................ 6-5 6.3 Water Quality of the Neuse River WWTP Effluent During Sampling .................................. 6-6 6.3.1 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 6-6 6.3.2 Interpretation ............................................................................................................................ 6-6 6.4 Wastewater Tracer Sucralose ............................................................................................................. 6-6 6.4.1 Results ........................................................................................................................................... 6-6 6.4.2 Interpretation ............................................................................................................................ 6-7 6.5 Conventional Parameters (Neuse River Samples) ...................................................................... 6-7 6.5.1 Results ..........................................................................................................................................