CA MBRIDGE COU NTY GE OGRA P HIE S M. ra l d t . M RD M. D Ge n e E : F H . H G UI L L E A A . i or , , HA MP SHIRE CA MBRIDGE UNIV E RSIT Y P RE S S C F C L A Y M A N . , A GE R L ONDON F E TTE R L A N E E C , . 4 N E Y O R K T H E M C M I N W A L L A C O . BOMBA Y A L U TT MA CMIL L A N A N D co . L T D C C A , . MA D RA S I T H E M C M I L L N T O R O N TO A A C O . O F C A N A D A D , L T . TO KYO MA RU Z E N - K A B US H IKI- K A IS H A O A L L RIGHT S RE S E RV E D ! 6 ’ ‘ m u S “ N aN CX F r a (3 U G , t Ca mé riafige County Geog ra pbies H A M P S H I RE TE LF ORD VARLE Y l ’ H ea d M a s er P e t er S m o n d s S c h o o] W in t , y , che s t e r W it h Ma s D a ams a nd s t a t p , i g r , Illu r ions CAMBRIDGE A T THE UNI VE RSIT Y PRESS 1 9 2 2 P RE FACE THE author b eg s t o exp ress his cordial thanks t o many friends wh o have given him valuable assistance in con i n — t o V n ect o . with the following pages Canon J aughan , for kindly reading the proof sheets dealing with the flora of for t o the county , and information relating thereto ' H A ssist a n t Coun t S for in Mr . W . Butler , y urveyor , formation as t o roads and other topics ; t o Mr H . J. F S for in for armer , Borough urveyor Of Christchurch , mation as t o coastal changes at the harbour mouth t o Dr Williams F reeman for varied information ; to Mr of F J. C . Newsham , formerly the County arm Institute t o a lso t o and many others . The author wishes acknowledge the valuable help received by him from H of S . Mr Clement opkins , Isleworth chool on 68 The maps pp . 39 and (published in the Geological ’ Survey Memozrs) are inserted by permission of the ’ ‘ of His S f Controller Maj esty s tationery O fice . The of s on 6 details the geological ection p . 3 are taken , by E d permission , from a section published by Messrs . S tanford Ltd Long Acre . TE LF ORD VARLE Y W IN CH E S E R 1 2 1 T , 9 CONT E NTS I n . County a d S hire 2 G . eneral Characteristics S S B d ize . hape . oun aries Surface a n d General Features S Water upply . Drainage . Rivers Geology Natural H isto ry Th e E d . Coast . Ti es rosion 9 . Climate People . Population . Dialect Place - Names Agriculture S pecial Cultivations Ind ustries a n d Manufactures Fishing Shipping a n d Trad e History of t h e Co unty Antiquities — Architecture (a ) E cclesiastical viii C ONTENTS Architecture (b) Military — Architecture (c) Domestic Communications Ad ministration a n d Divisions Roll of Honour Th e Chief Towns a n d Villages of Hamp shire IL LU STRAT IONS P A GE k N e w Mar Ash , Forest ’ S t H Catherine s ill , near Winchester B H B eacon ill , near urghclere S hawford Valley But s e r H P e t e rsfi e ld ill , near Distrib ution of Anglo - Saxon Place - names end ing in - ton L it ch fi e ld d Down , near Whitchurch , with mist pon The River Test at Mottisfont S tone B rid ge over the Test at Red b rid ge G S a n d 8 eological ection N . across County The Basin of the ancient River Solent Diagram s howing fewness O f S ettlements in the G in E H ault area . ants S S S d arsen tone at hawfor , near Winchester Ye w t h e k n b d W in Trees on Chal , ear Cra Woo , chester Cottages near H ursley Kn ig h t wo o d Oa k B k B ran some Chine , near ournemouth e n d S S hingle Spit at W . of olent Diagrams O f Sand b ank at mouth of Christchurch Harb our Rainfall Map O f Hampshire Hampshire Down Sheep New d Forest Ponies , near Lyn hurst x ILLUSTRAT I O N S P A GE ‘ Y d k on S d d L e e Farm ar with Ric s ta les , , near Romsey Watercress B ed s at Alresford H b C C k arvesting To acco , hurch roo ham ’ R k E : t h e B —fi n ish ers S ailway Wor s , astleigh rass hop Hut a n d E e l o n t h e Fishing Trap Test , near Longstock M S Vi ctor in H b H . y Portsmouth ar our Th e White S tar Liner Oly mp i c Th e G H C reat all , Winchester astle Alton Church Basing Church ’ Th e a n d S t H Itchen Catherine s ill , Winchester B S . reamore Church , Transept Arch ’ b b b b a n d - S Romsey A ey , A ess s Door Anglo axon Rood C North Transept , Christchurch Priory hurch k in C a n d Norman Wor hoir N . Transept , Romsey Ab b ey Th e d Font , Winchester Cathe ral Netley Ab b ey B a r a t e S t h e g , outhampton , from North Thatched Cottages near Lynd hurst ’ Chalk- b uilt Farm B uild ings near Prior s Dean d b Thatche Dau Wall , Pitt , near Winchester Roman a n d P ro - Roman Road s a n d Settlements in H amp shire C B ut s er H d Deep utting , ill , Portsmouth Roa Th e H Town all , Portsmouth Izaak Walton Charles King sley Hursley Vicarag e ILLUSTRATIONS xi Memorial to Florence Nightingale B d S d roa treet , Alresfor Christchurch Prio ry Corhampton Church , Meon Valley H S igh treet , Lymington k P e te rsfi e ld Mar et Day , Winchester from S t Giles ’ Hill d C d Rere os , Winchester athe ral S chool , Winchester College MAPS H ampshire , Topographical H G ampshire , eological Th e us ra on s on . 1 8 1 2 0 1 2 1 2 1 1 1 1 8 2 0 ill t ti pp 7, , 57, , 5 , 9 , 44 , 45 , 95 , 9 , 5 Me a re re rod uce d ro m h o o ra h s b ssrs . V a le n n e S on s L td . p f p t g p y J ti , h ose o n 1 1 1 6 2 2 8 1 1 0 t P P . 3, 5 1 , 5 , 9 1 4 5 47» 4 , 4 9 a 9 » 93, 94 , 97» 9 . 1 2 1 1 1 62 1 8 2 1 8 ro m h o o ra h s s e c a a ke n b th e 5 , 53, 54 , , , 9 f p t g p p i lly t y a uh or h a on is n clud e d b cour e s O f th e T o ca P re s s A ss oc . t ; t t p . 99 i y t y pi l h a o n 1 0 is re r d uce d ro m h ra h k n d su e d b Mr t t p . 3 p o f a p o t o g p i ly ppli y R. U r e o f t h e L . 8: S W . Ra lwa E n n ee r n D e a r m e n E a s e h i , i y gi i g p t t , tl ig ; h a o n . 1 1 6 is ro m a h o o ra h b Mr S ua r k n d s u ed b t h e t t p f p t g p y t t , i ly ppli y W h S r L 6 1 8 2 06 2 0 e a n e h o se o n . 1 2 1 1 1 1 2 1 1 8 it t i ; t pp 3, 39 , 4 , 4 , 47, , 7, , 7 r ro m Me r F F r h 0 L td h a o n . 1 8 a e h o o ra h s b s s s . C . f p t g p y it , t t p 3 m a h o r 6 is re rod uce d ro o a h h R v G . S a m so n h a on .