If you have issues viewing or accessing this file contact us at NCJRS.gov. u.s. Department ofJustice Office of Justice Programs Office ojJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention JUVENILE JUSTICE I -. I r ." .-e OFFICE OF JUVENILE JUSTICE AND DELINQUENCY PREVENTION 1992 ANNUAL REPORT 145532 U.S. Department of Justice National Institute of Justice This document has been reproduced exactly as received from the person or organization originating It. Points of view or opinions staled in this document are tho:le of the authors and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the National Institute of Justice. Permission to reproduce this .,.' , d material has been grl'll:i<B>lic Domain/OJP /OJJDP u.s. Department of Justice to the National Criminal Justice Reference Service (NCJRS). Further reproduction outside of the NCJRS system requires permission of the ~ owner . • U.S. Department ofJustice Office of Justice Programs Office ofjuvenile justice and Delinquency Prevention .. ---------• ,!"i~f;i ~"~,.~," The Office ofJuvenileJustice and Delinquency Prevention is a component of the Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Assistance, the Bureau ofJustice Statistics, the National Institute ofJustice, and the Office for Victims of Crime. L-__ -=--____________,"-- _____ "----~-- --------~~--~-----~ FOREWORD FROM THE ADMINISTRATOR When juveniles get in trouble with the law we need to adopt a sensible approach that encourages them to accept responsibility for their actions. We know that most juvenile offenders will not be repeat offenders. However, we also know that violence committed by and against juveniles is the number one problem in our Nation. It is a top priority of the Department ofJustice and the Office ofJuvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention (OJJDP). Even though most juvenile offenders are clearly not hardened Criminals, it is difficult to argue with published statistics: murders by juveniles in the United States are up 93 percent since 1982; and juveniles committed more than 11,000 homicides with weapons during the 1980's with more than 65 percent involVing the use of firearms. OJJDP has funded a range of initiatives to prevent delinquency and address the needs of serious and violent juvenile offenders. Through OJJDP's research programs, we have acqUired a better understanding of the developmental pathways to delinquency, and of the factors that may cause a youth to be at risk of delinquency or keep him or her from committing delinquent acts. As a result of this research, OJJDP has developed and supported initiatives directed at reducing risk factors while promoting protective factors in children's lives. Opportunities for success are common themes in these initiatives while appropriate sanctions have been developed to respond to delinquent behavior. OJJDP is strongly committed to the professionals who work under enormous pressures to turn young lives around. We have developed specialized training and technical assistance programs for the various components of the juvenile justice system - law enforcement, judiciary, detention and corrections, education, youth serving organizations, and community service agencies. These training and technical assistance programs are essential if juvenile delinquency prevention, intervention, and treatment programs are to maintain effective services. With well-trained and dedicated professionals who view their work as a personal mission, youth, who are at risk of offending or have offended, can be assured of having greater opportunities for achieVing the "American Dream." Above all, OJJDP recognizes that programs alone are not the answer. The answer also lies with individuals who give time and energy in their communities to establish and nurture interpersonal relationships with youth. O]]DP believes in the importance of programs that strengthen family and community relationships in order to help youth remain or become crime- and drug-free. We must remember that government programs only proVide a structure. Individuals must add their personal involvement to community-based programs for them to succeed. Together, we can develop the full potential of America's most valuable resource - its youth. John J. Wilson Acting Administrator, O]]DP iii -------------- ., TABLE OF CONTENTS Foreword from the Administrator ...................................................................................... iii Chapter 1: Introduction ...................................................................................................... 1 Report Highlights ................................................................................................... 1 Annual Repo-rting Requirements .......................................................................... 3 Mission and Structure of the Office ....................................................................... 4 Concentration of Federal Effort Program .............................................................. 6 Chapter 2: Congressionally Mandated Studies ................................................................. 9 A Study to Evaluate the Conditions in Juvenile Detention and Correctional Facilities.... ...... .............. ................. ...... ........ ....... ......... 9 The Study of American Indian and Alaska Native Juvenile Justice Systems ..... 13 The Obstacles to the Return and Recovery of Parentally Abducted Children .... 17 Juveniles Taken Into Custody ............................................................................. 21 Chapter 3: State Relations and Assistance ..................................................................... 35 Formula Grants ................................................................................................... 37 Progress and Successes ..................................................................................... 39 Compliance by the States ................................................................................... 46 Funded Projects ....................................................... " ......................................... 47 Chapter 4: Research, Evaluation, and Statistics ............................................................. 51 Highlights of OJJDP Research Findings ............................................................. 51 Funded Projects .................................................................................................. 53 Chapter 5: Demonstration and Replication Programs ..................................................... 67 Funded Projects .................................................................................................. 68 Chapter 6: Training and Technical Assistance ................................................................. 91 Funded Projects .................................................................................................. 92 Chapter 7: Missing and Exploited Children ................................................................... 107 The National Center for Missing and Exploited Children ................................... 108 Research Projects ............................................................................................. 112 Comprehensive Plan for Fiscal Year 1993 ........................................................ 117 Funded Projects ................................................................................................ 118 Chapter 8: Information Dissemination ........................................................................... 129 Funded Projects ................................................................................................ 129 Chapter 9: Exemplary Delinquency Prevention Programs ............................................ 133 v Appendix: Funding History ............................................................................................ 141 Index of Projects ........................................................................................................... 145 LIST OF FIGURES 2-1 U.S. Juveniles in Custody by Sex ....................................................................... 24 2-2 U.S. Juveniles in Custody by Age ....................................................................... 25 2-3 U.S. Juvf3niles in Custody by Race and Ethnicity ................................................ 26 2-4 Offense Characteristics of Delinquency Cases Detained in U.S., 1989 .............. 27 2-5 National Corrections Reporting Program Percent of Juveniles Incarcerated by Offense Type ............................................ 28 2-6 SJCSRP States Juvenile Admissions by Most Serious Offense CY 1991 .......... 29 3-1 Deinstitutionalization of Status Offenders ........................................................... 36 3-2 Separation of Adults and Juveniles ..................................................................... 38 3-3 Removal of Juveniles from Adult Jails ................................................................ .40 LIST OF TABLES 2-1 Tribes Reporting Availability of Intervention Services by Provider ...................... 15 2-2 Most Recent Available Data on the Number of Juvenile Admissions and One-Day Counts ........................................................................................... 30 2-3 Number of Juveniles in Custody (One-Day Counts) ........................................... 31 2-4 One-Day Count Rates of Juveniles in Custody ................................................... 32 2-5 Reported Deaths of