Monthly Newsletter Mar 2016 Monthly Journal on Technology Know-How of IBM’s Technology space Tech Updates on Mainframe Platform “Mainframe“ the IBM Dictionary Of Computing defines "mainframe" as "a large computer, in particular one to which other computers can be connected so that they can share facilities the mainframe provides (for example, a System/370 computing system to which personal computers are attached so that they can upload and download programs and data). The term “Mainframe “ usually refers to hardware only, namely, main storage, execution circuitry and peripheral units“ level, as opposed to trying to do it all from the System z platform. Did you know that mainframes and all other computers have two types of physical storage: Internal and external. Physical storage located on the mainframe processor itself. This is called processor storage, real storage or central storage; think of it as memory for the mainframe. Physical storage external to the mainframe, including storage on direct access devices, such as disk drives and tape drives. This storage is called paging storage or auxiliary storage. The primary difference between the two kinds of storage relates to the way in which it is accessed, as follows: Central storage is accessed synchronously with the processor. That is, the processor must wait while data is retrieved from central storage. Auxiliary storage is accessed asynchronously. The processor accesses auxiliary storage through an input/output (I/O) request, which is scheduled to run amid other work requests in the system. During an I/O request, the processor is free to execute other, unrelated work. As with memory for a personal computer, mainframe central storage is tightly coupled with the processor itself, whereas mainframe auxiliary storage is located on (comparatively) slower, external disk and tape drives. Because central storage is more closely integrated with the processor, it takes the processor much less time to access data from central storage than from auxiliary storage. Auxiliary storage, however, is less expensive than central storage. Note: Most z/OS® installations use large amounts of both. Managing Differences – Mainframe and Distributed Systems Key Storage Management Products on Mainframe: On the storage-management side a couple key differences: DFSMS Data Facility System Management Subsystem. People who manage storage on a System z platform tend to do so DFSMS Policies: Dataclas - Storclas - Mgmtclas and Storgrp) from z/OS* itself, and there are many batch jobs and functional Purposes of Each:- commands in the Data Facility Storage Management System Dataclas - DCB/file characteristics (DFSMS), all of which provide server-centric management for Storclas – availability storage. Mgmtclas - LifeCycle (migration, backup, expiration) Storgrp - the technology - tape or disk For almost all distributed environments, there isn't a single owning OS accessing a storage configuration. Oftentimes, for example, DFSMS is composed of the following four major components: you may have a mix of different OSs, all accessing a more DFSMSdfp: Provides basic data access services, including access centralized storage environment. You may have a storage server methods, file systems and device support, as well as providing policy running Citrix for Windows, but that same storage is being shared management for data through the SMS Subsystem with AIX*, Sun Solaris or HP platforms. DFSMSds: Provides a mechanism for fast data movement. Makes copies, dumps, restores, converts or prints data sets or volumes. That centralized-storage environment can then be managed by a DFSMShsm:Provides availability and space management functions for software tool like the IBM Total Storage* Productivity Center data sets or volumes. Provides a scheduling function to automate these (TPC), rather than OS-specific utilities. TPC is a Java* and Web- tasks. based offering designed to help companies increase storage DFSMSdss used as a data mover in most DFSMShsm processes utilization, identify and resolve potential problems and support DFSMShsm provides the additional benefits of automated scheduling application availability. It lets companies manage the individual and inventory management. disk systems at the device DFSMSrmm: Allows tape volumes and data sets to be system-managed. Provides validations and policy management functions. IBM zsystem Tidbits: Understanding File Sizes on Computer Hard Drives Are designed to deliver 100% Uptime Can run 2.5 billion transactions a day File Size Conversion Table Name Symbol Equal to Name IEC Equal to Host HUNDREDS and HUNDREDS of Kilobyte KB 1024 B Kilobit kbit 1000 bit applications in support of major Megabyte MB 1024 KB Megabit Mbit 1000 kbit businesses which include insurance companies, securities, auto, banks, and Gigabyte GB 1024 MB Gigabit Gbit 1000 Mbit retail to name a few Terabyte TB 1024 GB Terabit Tbit 1000 Gbit Petabyte PB 1024 TB Petabit Pbit 1000 Tbit Provides cloud Infrastructure-As-A- Service (IAAS) Exabyte EB 1024 PB Exabit Ebit 1000 Pbit Zettabyte ZB 1024 EB Zettabit Zbot 1000 Ebit Processor for Databases( CICS, IMS, DB2) Yottabyte YB 1024 ZB Yottabit Ybit 1000 Zbit VSAM, Middleware, Emulators, sub-systems Related Videos IBM Mainframe Makes the Extraordinary Possible ! IBM z13 Systems Design Film (Mainframe Processor) ! Enable your data infrastructure for systems of insight with IBM DS8870 and z13 ! Mainframe Vs. Distributed Terminology Monthly Newsletter Mar 2016 Monthly Journal on Technology Know-How of IBM’s Technology space TRIVIAs of the technology (Did you know?) Quiz 1. One advantage of a Mainframe computer over a PC is (pick one applicable)? Why Manage Storage? DATA EQUALS STORAGE (Data is the information a) Cost Availability that a company needs to run its Business, for use with mobile and social. It is b) High Availability the target of all data processing activity!! c) Easy Installation d) Inexpensive Software It took 51 years before hard disk drives reached the size of 1 TB (terabyte, i.e. 1,000 GB). This happened in 2007. In 2009, the first hard drive with 2 TB of 2. What is used on the Mainframe environment to act as a communication between storage arrived. So while it took 51 years to reach the first terabyte, it took just a program (Example: COBOL, Assembler or PL/I) and the operating system ? two years to reach the second 3. What does DASD stand for (pick one applicable)? The role of the mainframe has gradually changed from that of a data a) Data Systems Authorization Directory processor to that of a server, with the processing being done on the user's b) Digital’s Attempted Storage Domination PC. It has also been modified to interface to the Internet through the addition c) Data Systems Storage Device of TCP/IP protocols, Unix, and Java programming, to enable businesses to d) Direct Access Storage Device connect to their customers over that network. Once the only form of business computer available, the mainframe has survived the PC revolution and 4. What type of storage is used on the Mainframe ? (Name any two) maintained an important function in commercial computing a) Printer b) Tape c) Disk d) Bus Answers to Feb 2015 Newsletter Edition 1. Around 12 times 2. Yes, it can be 3. No, its only RDBMS. Does not support NOSQL as of now 4. International DB2 users group Important links NEW DFMS Features Increase the Availability of Data on System z ! Why Enterprises are considering Cloud ! IBM Programs for employee care Overcoming unconscious Bias : Unconscious bias goes beyond the standard diversity realm to reflect on all the dimensions of diversity. Unconscious bias calls attention to the biases we all have just by the fact of being human. Unconscious biases influence our judgment and decision-making, and because we are not aware of them, can be detrimental in certain circumstances like what information to prioritize in decision-making, who to hire, promote, and reward, and where to allocate precious resources. Overcoming Unconscious Bias Training launched – This education will help IBM to build a more inclusive culture and address issues that could be impacting attracting, hiring, developing and retaining top talent. Unconscious bias is an important and hot topic in the marketplace. This session provides insights on learning how to bring implicit biases to light, understand how the brain works to create biases, and create strategies to help us remove biases from the workplace. This will help us discover blind spots that impact phases of our professional and personal life. University Relations Team Program Lead - University Relations Beena Jaikrishnan Program Owner - University Relations Uttam K Nandy To contact any of the above, you can drop a note to “IBM ISDCI University Relations Program” at “[email protected]” with the contact name and purpose in the subject line UR web links Information Check out the below link to know five interesting facts about one of IBM's products or ibm.com/in/ur/ services. ibm.com/university https://www.ibm.com/developerworks/community/blogs/5things/?lang=en .