Page 1 340 years Iridologieliteratur to explore and evaluate members. Literature 1670 to 2010 *** Thesis for Earning Master of Science (MSc) at the Interuniversity College for Health and Development Graz / Seggau ([email protected], www.inter-uni.net) presented by Andreas Keinath Graz, in June 2010 Page 2 1 Andreas Keinath, Zurich [email protected] I hereby certify that this thesis independently, using none other than the have written to the specified tool. Graz, June 2010 Thesis accepted For the purposes of technical research accompanied freedom must in the theses of the Interuniversity College held opinions and conclusions are not those of the supervisor / internal and Cover assessors / internal, but are the responsibility of the authors. Page 3 Andreas Keinath, MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College, Graz / Seggau 1 Contents First SUMMARY 3 Second INTRODUCTION 6 2.1. Target 6 2.2. Current state of knowledge 7 2.2.1. Literature 7 2.2.2. History of Iridology 7 2.2.3. Anatomical Basis of the iris 7 2.2.4. Basics of iridology 8 2.2.5. Scientific studies 8 2.3. Research Question 9 2.4. Hypothesis 9 2.5. Against hypothesis 9 Third METHODOLOGY 10 3.1. Internet search words, inclusion criteria, search engines 11 3.2. Internet structuring criteria 12 3.3. Internet evaluation criteria 12 3.4. Literature inclusion criteria 12 3.5. Literature classification criteria 12 3.6. Literature evaluation criteria 12 3.7. Iridologiespezifische database of identified documents 13 3.8. Review of the identified documents according to defined Evaluation Criteria 13 4th RESULTS 13 4.1. Electronic and manual search 13/14 4.2. Iridologiespezifische database 14 4.3. Assessment 18 4.4. Chronological organization (1670 to 2010) 19 4.5. Research Question 27 6th DISCUSSION 28 7th CONCLUSION / RECOMMENDATION 28 THANKSGIVING 29 BIBLIOGRAPHY 30 Page 4 Andreas Keinath, MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College, Graz / Seggau 2 First Summary www.inter-uni.net. Research 340 years Iridologieliteratur explore, evaluate members, Literature search from 1670 to 2010 Author: Andreas Keinath Supervisor: Prof. Dr. med. Jens Türp The aim of this literature study is that published from 1670 to 2010 iridologischen textbooks and time to structure documents chronologically, complete with current Internet research and to assess defined by defining inclusion and exclusion criteria. 82 literary documents were identified, classified and evaluated. Figure 1 shows how The literature composed. Full Text (Internet) Only abstracts (Internet) Specific methods Documents (Internet) Textbooks Iridology Books for Iridology Special books for Iridology Research question: Give the presentation and assessment of Iridologieliteratur, based on specific inclusion and Exclusion criteria a clear starting point, which can be used scientifically? Figure 1 82, split identified Iridologiedokumente 5 3 2 35 14 23 Page 5 Andreas Keinath, MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College, Graz / Seggau 3 Methodology Using defined search criteria and keywords, defined inclusion and exclusion criteria was a systematic literature and Internet research conducted under Table 1 Result 6 of the 82 pre-used documents provide new insights for the further development of the Iridology have contributed and have not been considered in scientific studies, but Research potential would. 15 documents contain information not only for the purposes of networking ideas other methods or systems are not yet scientifically relevant. Table 1 Overview of the process of data collection, electronic yellow, blue manual research Electronic Investigation Hand Investigation Keywords, on and Exclusion criteria, search engines (Point 3.1.) Classification criteria (Point 3.2.) Evaluation criteria for electronic Papers (Point 3.3.) Inclusion and exclusion criteria (Point 3.4.) Classification criteria (Point 3.5.) Evaluation criteria for Hand Documents (Point 3.6.) Iridologiespezifische database identified documents (Point 3.7.) Review of the identified Documents according to defined Evaluation Criteria (Point 3.8.) Page 6 Andreas Keinath, MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College, Graz / Seggau 4 18 documents included summary findings. All 43 electronic documents contain supplementary information. These provide information about the whole environment, the iridologischen teaching and training centers, conferences, company, which in Connection with the iridology and produce specific products. The research question can be answered with yes. Yes, there are 6 specific documents and evidence, which are used scientifically can. Conclusion / Recommendation Data from this study are summarized and promising potential to contain Further research for a possible integration into conventional medicine. Especially in the area Auxiliary diagnosis of chronic complex and hard to diagnose diseases. Page 7 Andreas Keinath, MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College, Graz / Seggau 5 Second Introduction 1909 had Pastor, Emanuel Felke, in the so-called stationary Felkeprozess iridology at 20 Patients demonstrate. Public and the press expressed strong interest. Felke, as the Lay practitioners worked with the iridology, the process was made because he supposedly for the Death of a baker's boy should be responsible for the acute appendicitis Died (appendicitis). Felke was acquitted by referring {Salzer, 1925 # 9}. The Process iridology made known to the general public. Iridology (iris diagnosis) is a pseudo-scientific theory that 80% of the German Therapy is used {Ernst, 2000 # 5}. Scientific studies assess the iridology as "bad, generally unsuitable" {Herber, 2008 # 84}, to "not useful and potentially harmful "{Ernst, 2000 # 5}. In contrast, a study from Sweden is at 428 College Students who indicate the crypts and furrows in the iris are genetic and various characteristics indicate {Larsson, 2007 # 3}. These contradictory statements are a reason for me to look at the accurate iridology. In the "German Dental Weekly" was over 70 years ago through the eyes diagnosis reads as follows {Hansmann, 1936 # 101}: "For the dentist so far there is a particular interest, as in his medical Special trade undoubtedly the demand for medical examination method (immediately) it were present, it was that (the detection of certain cardiovascular disorders novocain- Epinephrine injection, anesthesia) or example, liver damage (Evipan!) would be valuable. " To date, the call for simple, fast and inexpensive method of diagnosis remains as currently, a point of how I think it justifies the iridology to do research and to more accurately . Rate Other things to read in the "German Dental Weekly": "There is no denying however, that sometimes the advocates of this method of investigation reported to have diagnostic results that may surprise you "{Hansmann, 1936 # 101}. Due to lack of scientific evidence is not the method to date in medicine recognized. Although iridology is 340 years old {Lindemann, 1992 # 4} and 230,000 in Google Entries (as of 15.04.2010) are available now. 2.1. Target The aim of this literature review, is published from 1670 to 2010 iridologischen textbooks and time to structure documents chronologically, complete with current Internet research and to assess defined by defining inclusion and exclusion criteria. Page 8 Andreas Keinath, MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College, Graz / Seggau 6 2.2. Current state of knowledge 2.2.1. Literature There is no summary of the work and no chronological organization Iridologiegeschichte iridology of literature. To make a scientific evaluation, it is therefore necessary first to create such a structure. 2.2.2. History of Iridology Sources speak of a 3000 year old method, so also in the scientific work of {Safadi, 2008 # 8}. Secured documents from Philippi Meyens appeared in 1670, and mapped described in the book of {Lindemann, 1992 # 4}. Considered the father of iridology in the present form the Hungarian physician Ignaz von Peczely (1826-1911). 2.2.3. Anatomical Basis of the iris The anatomy of the iris (iris) is the "most colorful" anatomical structure of the human Body. It arises as a constriction of the midbrain in early embryonic development (approximately 30 Day) after the first cell division {Wehner, 2007 # 75}. As genetic research shows the Formation of the iris controlled by the PAX 6 gene {Makoto Kobayashi, 2001 # 64}. The Iris appears as a radially and circularly extending connective tissue and muscle fiber disc with a Melanin pigment layer is deposited, and depending on the degree of pigmentation of the eye colors blue, brown or mixed and produced green. Layered up pigments give more color options {Pierluigi, 2006 # 95}. The muscle fiber rings (Iris), controlled by the sympathetic and parasympathetic Nervous system, innervated by 6 of the 12 cranial nerves and crossed by blood vessels floating in front, behind the lens and the cornea, aqueous humor and regulated as an aperture the light. {Rauber / Kopsch, 1987 # 93}. Figure 2 Image of the book in the enclosed CD of {Andrews, 2008 # 26} (no Image Number) Page 9 Andreas Keinath, MSc Thesis 2010 Interuniversity College, Graz / Seggau 7 2.2.4. Basics of iridology Iridologische observations describe characters in conjunction with structure and color phenomena. Pigments, lacunae, crypts, etc. are associated with organ reactions related. This Changes affect focal-, sector-and circular spots in the iris, but also the Eye environment, such as vessels and sclera. Through a microscope with 3 - to 40-fold magnification considered the Iridologe in practice the phenomena in the eye and thereby