Com o“ . 191 7 u RALPH EARLE Second Impress ion m R u(ckcrbocltct pun . m M PREFACE science of conduct mg a war upon t he sea is in these modern days very com lex The sea our na i n is com p . power of t o posed of units filled With the most intrica te d eli m r ll es and a an d cate a chine y of a typ , personnel of sd eh t ifically t raim d men is t e quired in order t ha t t he Navy may sucw ed in it s missi t his Na v l . ea ce twofo d on In p , y must be ever prepared to maintain pea ce ; in war it mus r ec t he c un r rom in , t p ot t o t y f vasion nd us ermi t h r uine it s , a th p t e o t of wonted industrial a nd socia l life to continue uninterrupted by t he presence of a foe wit hir. ’ t h a i s r rs The na i nal defencx e n t on bo de . t o primarily depends upon t he strength and t he fficienc t he av e y of N y . The Na val Aca demy accomplishes t he edu ca i n t he officers t he av and is us t o of of N y, th 111 36097 3 Preface i n is a i nal c t he very foundat o of th n t o defen e. Thi s school is the rock upon which is built t he ur w r whole fabri c of o sea po e . The requirements of t he vessels composing our fleets demand something vastly better in t he way of educa tion than was ava ilable to our rea a miral avi las w a rra u g t d , D d G go F g t . A midshipman at nine and one half yea rs of e fficer a r t h Es n ag , an o abo d e sex whe just as t en a ris er war a t hirt ee Far p t , p on of t n , t agut had to obtain his schooling where and w h ul While a ar le hen e co d . p o d pri soner of war he comflet ed one year of study a t es er For remai r his i Ch t . t he nde of educa t on he was indebted to t he chaplain of the Wa sh in ia n. r m 18 16 1 8 18 is omo r who g F o to , th e , during t he last year was t he America n consul a t uis inst ruct ed Farra ut in t h ruime T n , g e d nts ma hema ics lis li era ure re c of t t , Eng h t t , F n h, andl t alian one m re a rra u a r . N o th n Fa g t pp e cia t ed t he necessity of a thorough educa tion for t he officers t h Na v d of e y , an he urged repea tedly tha t t he Navy must have t he ver s a li ies f r i inin y be t f ci t o the r tra g. Prefa ce In this book an efi ort is t he methods a dopted at t he Na val Aca demy a t Annapoli to give t he midshipmen of our ough theoretica l and pra ct ical t he knowledge of t he many subj v l r essi em s Thi na a p of on d and . of t he general schem e is of n la ces but is ive ever heless p , g n n t erable detail in t he hOpe tha t it life of the midshipman a t Anna all who may be interested in crea i a na val ofi cer t ng . is in e out ho coincid It po t d w, scient ifi c a nd mechanica l educa t implant ed in the midshipma n t t he physical qualities with whi ofii cer must be equipped in order ever la c t he vir u ur n k t e, hono l al and su r ina i t ha oy ty, bo d t on rightly expects him alwa ys to po In t he task of describing t he shipma n t he a uthor has freely following works whenever it w Preface in this ma nner to supplem ent his personal experience a t t he Naval Aca demy : Park Ben ta R Na val Aca dem . min The nited S tes . ja , U y; J le Historical Sketch o the nited Sta tes So y, f U a Academ 1 8 6 0 . S evens T200 N val y, 7 ; W. t , Early P roposals for Noval Educa tion (Proceed S N val s i u o 0 . s W . i U . a e . ng of In t t t , N d Al i olis C . S e A Gude to Anna Stevens an . d n , p Na v Al The the al Academ C . S. e a nd y; d n, ” Sa ntee A h Apprecia tion (Proceedings of i 6 ur l u o 1 A . S N v s e . U . a a In t t t N 4 ) J M phy, Notes on the Swedish System of Physica l Tmin N v i u No. in Pr cee i s U . S. a al s e g ( o d ng of In t t t , lli r P ost Gradua te Educa tion a an . J . H g , J , in Nava l Engineering (Journal of t he Society 6 l v l i eers Feb. 1 1 vo of Na a Eng n , , 9 , . rri L The N ssit o P rotecti ou Ha s aning , ece y f ng r thle s Pr n s U S N val s i ue A te ( oceedi g of . a In t t t , o N . The author fa rther desires to express his gra teful apprecia tion of t he assistance t e ceived from t he midshipmen of the Na val ca em ar icularl se t he e i rial A d y, p t y tho of d to st afi Luck Ba 1 1 6 who su lie of the y g, 9 , pp d Preface pictures and aided ma terially by their es i s rom t he Whi e S ui hi g t on ; f t t d o, w ch tributed ma ny of the photographs t a especially for t he book ; and from t he n bers of t he Aca demic St afi of t he N ca em who res n e m s enera A d y, po d d o t g to t he several requests for suggestion m criticis . RALPH EARL 1 July 15, 19 6. INTRODUCTION IT is not generally rea lized by t he pub] tha t t he United Sta tes Naval Aca demy fac during every yea r of it s existence a task mo difi cult tha n that of any other institution lea rnin in the ni e S a Th vera g U t d t tes. e a ; universi r vi s or is su vi ty p o de , pposed to pro d in it s undergradua te department a gener. rounding out of t he school tra ining of t ] American boy and means of fit t ing him take his pla ce in those pursuits and business which do not require a spec ial technic For wh in t l trai ning . those o specialize professions a dditional years of study a; At t he aval ca em t he Governme: N A d y, of t he United Sta tes a ttempts to turn out i ur ea rs a ma n who m re an a n t q fo y , o th y o h r e is ex ec e be all i s g adua t , p t d to th ng n mus be remem ere ha t l a ll me . It t b d t t entrance exa mina tions a t Anna polis a ix I ntroduct ion intended to be suitable for any compet ent e - i h sch l his gradua t of a first class h g oo . T ' mm s tha t every efiort must be ma de during t he next four yea rs to give the continua tion n r u i n in a i i n t h of ge e al ed ca t o . And dd t o , e s u n mus be uh t he naui t de ts t ta g t all of t cal , l t he mili ar the scientific a ll a l of t y, a ll of , of t he histori ca l and legal knowledge t hat is necessary to t he equipment of even the In he: younges t ensign in t he Navy . ot w r s in ur ea rs ese s a ered o d , fo y th boy , g th e er m r in t e ni r n tog th fro eve y Sta te h U on , f o rich families and from poor families a like are ex c e ec me nl educa t ec pe t d to b o , not o y e leme ut als i erna i al law ers g nt n , b o nt t on y k ee servers vi a rs art illeris s e i n ob , na g to , t , ng neers and al so all around m en a nd specia lists On t he whole t he expec ta tion of t he peopl t n s st ifi n of he U ited Sta te is ju ed .