Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses Graduate School 1964 Insecticide Resistance in the Sugarcane Borer, Diatraea Saccharalis (F.). Raghunath Prasad Yadav Louisiana State University and Agricultural & Mechanical College Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses Recommended Citation Yadav, Raghunath Prasad, "Insecticide Resistance in the Sugarcane Borer, Diatraea Saccharalis (F.)." (1964). LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses. 965. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_disstheses/965 This Dissertation is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Historical Dissertations and Theses by an authorized administrator of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. This dissertation has been 64—13,278 microfilmed exactly as received YADAV, Raghunath Prasad, 1935- INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE SUGARCANE SORER, DIATRAEA SACCHARALIS (F.). Louisiana State University, Ph.D., 1964 Zoology University Microfilms, Inc., Ann Arbor, Michigan INSECTICIDE RESISTANCE IN THE SUGARCANE BORER, DIATRAEA SACCHARALIS (F.) A Dissertation Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in The Department of Entomology by Raghunath Prasad Yadav M.S., Govt. Agricultural College, Kanpur, 1958 May, 1964 ACKNOWLEDGMENT The writer is sincerely grateful to his major professor, Dr. W. H. Long, for many helpful suggestions and assistance in the preparation of this manuscript. Special thanks are due Dr. L. D. Newsom, Head of the Department of Entomology, for providing the opportunity to study at Louisiana State University. The writer is also grateful to the members of his advisory committee, Dr. J. A. Davison, Dr. J. B. Graves, Dr. J. S. Roussel and Dr. W. T. Spink for their critism of this manuscript. Special thanks are due to Mr. E. J. Concienne, Mr. Melvin Kyle and Mr. Howard Anderson for their help in collecting insects from the field. Mr. Anderson also deserves credit for conducting the laboratory tests involving the insecticides endosulfan, guthion and carbaryl. The writer is also grateful to Mrs. Jeanette S. Turner for typing this dissertation. ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGMENT .................................................. 11 LIST OF TABLES»• • . • • * > . • • v LIST OF FIGURES .......... ix ABSTRACT • • • • • • • . • . • • x INTRODUCTION........................................................ 1 REVIEW OF LITERATURE .............................................. 3 Techniques for Testing Insecticides on Lepldopterous Insects. ....... 3 Insect Age and Stage of Development In Relation to Insecticide Susceptibility .... 8 Effects of Insecticides on Insects Surviving Treatment ........ 12 Resistance to Insecticides ....... 18 MATERIALS AND METHODS ......................................... 25 Sugarcane Borers ......... 25 Rearing Procedure ......... 26 Preparation of Diets ........ 27 Comparison of Diets. ........ 30 Insecticide Susceptibility Tests . 31 Insecticide-diet mixture ....... 31 Residual film ......... 32 Selection for Resistance. ....... 33 iii Page Cross Resistance . • . * . 3 3 Effects of Endrin on Borers Surviving Treatment . 34 RESULTS ........................................................... 37 Comparison of Diets. 3 7 Susceptibility of Different Borer Strains to Endrin . 3 7 Insecticider-diet mixture ....... 37 Residual film ......... 43 Selection for Resistance. ....... 47 Cross Resistance ......... 47 Effects of Endrin on Borers Surviving Treatment . 53 DISCUSSION ...................................................... 62 CONCLUSIONS ....................................... 67 SELECTED B I B L I O G R A P H Y ............................................ 69 APPENDIX.............................. 76 AUTOBIOGRAPHY ................................. 117 iv LIST OF TABLES Page I. Descriptions of artificial diets used to rear the sugarcane borer . 28 XIV. Development of the sugarcane borer on artificial diets, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962-63. .... 38 III. Susceptibility of mature or nearly mature field- collected sugarcane borer larvae to endrin in their diet, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, August, 1963. 39 IV. Susceptibility of different strains of newly hatched sugarcane borer larvae to endrin in their diet, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962-63. 41 V. Susceptibility of different strains of 15-day-old- sugarcane borer larvae to endrin in their diet, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-November,, 1963. .... 44 VI. Susceptibility to endrin of newly hatched sugarcane borer larvae of different strains, residual film method, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962-63 .... 46 VII. Susceptibility to endrin of successive generations of newly hatched sugarcane borer larvae of the Franklin strain following selection by the residual film method at dosages of 0, 1 and 2 ug per flask, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-August, 1963 ......................... 48 VIII* Susceptibility of newly hatched sugarcane borer larvae of an endrin-susceptible And endrin-resistant strain to endosulfan, guthlon and carbaryl by the residual film method, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, October,^1963 . 49 IX. Weights of male and female sugarcane borer pupae following short contact exposures of Franklin strain larvae of the P, Fi and F2 generations to endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-August, 1963........................ 54 v ge Longevity, per cent mating and fecundity of sugarcane borer moths of the P and F£ gene­ rations following short contact exposure of Franklin strain larvae of the P, F^ and F£ generations to endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-August, 1963 ................................. 55 Weights of male and female sugarcane borer pupae reared from newly hatched larvae of the Erath and Franklin strains on a diet containing different amounts of endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, March-June, 1963. 57 Longevity, mating and fecundity of sugarcane borer moths reared from newly hatched larvae of the Erath and Franklin strains on a diet containing different amounts of endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, March-June, 1963 ................ 58 Effect of endrin on weights of surviving sugar­ cane borer pupae reared from 15-day-old larvae placed on diets containing different amounts of toxicant, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-May, 1963 59 Effect of endrin on mating and fecundity of sugarcane borers reared only on diets containing different amounts of the toxicant, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, March-June, 1963........................ 61 Weights in mgs. of male and female sugarcane borer pupae reared from newly hatched larvae on 4 different artificial diets, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962-63. ..................................... 76 Duration in days of immature stages of the sugarcane borer reared on 4 different artificial diets, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962-63 • • 77 Mortality of newly hatched larve in tests with endrin-diet mixtures, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962-63........................................ 79 Mortality of 15-day-old larvae in tests with endrin-diet mixtures, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1963 . 82 Mortality of newly hatched larvae in tests using the residual film method, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, 1962-63............................................. 83 vi Page XX. Mortality of 3 successive generations of newly hatched larvae of the Franklin strain from different amounts of endrin in tests using the residual film method to select for endrin resistance, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, Apr 11-August, 1963 .................................. 86 XXI. Mortality of newly hatched larvae of the Baton Rouge and. Port Allen strains in tests using the residual film method to determine susceptibility to endosulfan, guthion and carbaryl, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, October, 1963........................................... 88 XXII. Weights in mgs. of male and female sugarcane borer pupae of the first and last of 3 successive genera­ tions reared from newly hatched larvae which survived to different amounts of endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-August,.1963 ..................................... 90 XXIII. Duration in days of the moths of the first and last of 3 successive generations reared from newly hatched larvae which were exposed to different amounts of endrin in residual film tests, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April- August, 1963....... ..................................... 92 XXIV. Records on mating, oviposition and egg viability for female moths from the first and last of 3 successive generations reared from newly hatched larvae which sur­ vived short contact exposure to different amounts of endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-August, 1963 . 93 XXV. Weights of male and female pupae reared from newly hatched larvae on diets containing different amounts of - endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, March-June, 1963 . .96 XXVI. Duration in days of moths reared from newly hatched larvae on diets containing different amounts of endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, March-June, 1963 .... 101 XXVII. Records on mating, oviposition and egg viability for female moths reared from newly hatched larvae on diets containing different amounts of endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, March-June, 1963 104 XXVIII. Weights of male and female pupae reared from 15-day-old larvae on diets containing different amounts of endrin, Baton Rouge, Louisiana, April-May, 1963 .... 108 XXIX. Records on mating, oviposition and egg