Research into the State of Youth Development in Gauteng Draft high-level summary report submitted to: The Gauteng Provincial Government By Community Agency for Social Enquiry MARCH 2014 C A S E RESEARCH FOR GAUTENG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INTO THE STATE IF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN GAUTENG Contact: Mohamed Motala Community Agency for Social Enquiry 31 Oxford Road Forest Town, Johannesburg Tel: (011) 646 5922 E-mail: [email protected]/[email protected] C A S E RESEARCH FOR GAUTENG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INTO THE STATE IF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN GAUTENG Contents List of tables ....................................................................................................................... vi List of figures ...................................................................................................................... vii Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................. viii List of Abbreviations ............................................................................................................ 9 1 INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND ..................................................................... 11 1.1 Terms of reference ............................................................................................... 11 1.1.1 Aim of the study ............................................................................................. 12 1.1.2 Objectives ...................................................................................................... 12 1.1.3 Outputs .......................................................................................................... 12 1.2 Defining youth ...................................................................................................... 13 1.3 Structure of the report ........................................................................................... 13 1.4 Methodology ......................................................................................................... 13 1.5 Limitations ............................................................................................................ 13 2 OVERALL MANDATE, POLICY GOALS AND DELIVERY CONTEXT ....................... 14 2.1 Introduction ........................................................................................................... 14 2.2 Provincial policy frameworks and commitments ................................................... 14 2.2.1 ANC Election Manifestos ............................................................................... 14 2.2.2 Legislative and policy framework for youth development ............................... 15 3 OVERVIEW OF GAUTENG‘S DEVELOPMENT SINCE 1994 ................................... 19 3.1.1 Demography .................................................................................................. 19 3.1.2 Population structure ....................................................................................... 19 3.2 Decent work and inclusive economy .................................................................... 20 3.2.1 Gauteng Economy ......................................................................................... 20 3.2.2 Employment and unemployment .................................................................... 20 3.3 Quality education and skills development ............................................................. 21 3.3.1 Enrolment and throughput ............................................................................. 21 3.3.2 Changes in education levels 1996-2011 ........................................................ 24 3.4 Primary health care services and HIV/AIDS ......................................................... 25 3.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 25 3.4.2 Self-reported health status ............................................................................. 26 3.4.3 Key official health indicators........................................................................... 26 3.4.4 Mortality and HIV & AIDS ............................................................................... 28 3.4.5 Medical aid coverage, public and private facility use, and satisfaction ........... 29 3.5 Food security and rural development ................................................................... 30 3.5.1 Access to food and food poverty .................................................................... 30 3.6 Safety and security ............................................................................................... 34 3.6.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 34 3.6.2 Sense of safety .............................................................................................. 35 3.6.3 Perceived major problems ............................................................................. 35 3.6.4 Shifts in rates of crime ................................................................................... 36 3.7 Social cohesion and sustainable communities ..................................................... 37 3.7.1 Diversity in Gauteng and social cohesion ...................................................... 37 C A S E RESEARCH FOR GAUTENG PROVINCIAL GOVERNMENT RESEARCH INTO THE STATE IF YOUTH DEVELOPMENT IN GAUTENG 3.7.2 Xenophobia .................................................................................................... 38 4 OVERVIEW OF GOVERNMENT PERFORMANCE ................................................... 40 4.1 Decent employment through inclusive economic growth ...................................... 40 4.1.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 40 4.1.2 Socio-economic trends .................................................................................. 40 4.1.3 Key milestones (programmes) (1994-2014) ................................................... 40 4.1.4 Key institutional and governance issues ........................................................ 45 4.1.5 Key legislation and policies ............................................................................ 47 4.1.6 Overview of performance ............................................................................... 48 4.1.7 Flagship projects/key case studies ................................................................ 50 4.1.8 Key findings and recommendations ............................................................... 51 4.2 Quality basic education and skills development ................................................... 52 4.2.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 52 4.2.2 Socio-economic trends .................................................................................. 53 4.2.3 Key milestones (programmes) (1994-2014) ................................................... 53 4.2.4 Key legislation and policies ............................................................................ 56 4.2.5 Overview of performance ............................................................................... 56 Basic Education .......................................................................................................... 56 4.2.6 Flagship projects/key case studies ................................................................ 57 4.2.7 Key findings and recommendations ............................................................... 59 4.3 A long and healthy life for all South Africans pp. 131-153. ................................... 60 4.3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 60 4.3.2 Socio-economic trends .................................................................................. 61 4.3.3 Key milestones (programmes) (1994-2014) ................................................... 61 4.3.4 Key institutional and governance issues ........................................................ 62 4.3.5 Key legislation and policies ............................................................................ 63 4.3.6 Overview of performance ............................................................................... 63 4.3.7 Flagship projects/key case studies ................................................................ 68 4.3.8 Key findings and recommendations ............................................................... 70 4.4 Vibrant, equitable, sustainable rural communities contributing towards food security........................................................................................................................... 71 4.4.1 Introduction .................................................................................................... 71 4.4.2 Socio-economic trends .................................................................................. 72 4.4.3 Key milestones (programmes) (1994-2014) ................................................... 72 4.4.4 Key institutional and governance issues ........................................................ 73 4.4.5 Key legislation and policies ............................................................................ 74 4.4.6 Overview of performance ............................................................................... 75