disability and ac.za social ress. p w.hsrc change Free download from ww ac.za ress. p w.hsrc Free download from ww disability and social ac.za ress. p change w.hsrc a south african agenda Free download from ww edited by brian watermeyer, leslie swartz, theresa lorenzo, marguerite schneider and mark priestley Compiled within the Child, Youth, Family and Social Development Research Programme of the Human Sciences Research Council ac.za Published by HSRC Press Private Bag X9182, Cape Town, 8000, South Africa ress. www.hsrcpress.ac.za p © 2006 Human Sciences Research Council w.hsrc First published 2006 All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilised in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, including photocopying and recording, or in any information storage or retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publishers. ISBN 0-7969-2137-7 Typeset by Simon van Gend Free download from ww Cover design by Farm Design Print management by comPress Distributed in Africa by Blue Weaver PO Box 30370, Tokai, Cape Town, 7966, South Africa Tel: +27 (0) 21 701 4477 Fax: +27 (0) 21 701 7302 email: [email protected] www.oneworldbooks.com Distributed in Europe and the United Kingdom by Eurospan Distribution Services (EDS) 3 Henrietta Street, Covent Garden, London, WC2E 8LU, United Kingdom Tel: +44 (0) 20 7240 0856 Fax: +44 (0) 20 7379 0609 email: [email protected] www.eurospanonline.com Distributed in North America by Independent Publishers Group (IPG) Order Department, 814 North Franklin Street, Chicago, IL 60610, USA Call toll-free: (800) 888 4741 All other enquiries: +1 (312) 337 0747 Fax: +1 (312) 337 5985 email: [email protected] www.ipgbook.com Contents List of tables and figures viii Foreword ix Acknowledgements x Acronyms and abbreviations xi 1 Introduction and overview 1 ac.za Brian Watermeyer and Leslie Swartz ress. p Section I Theoretical approaches to disability 7 2 Disability and the environment 8 w.hsrc Marguerite Schneider 3 Developing disability studies programmes: the international context 19 Mark Priestley 4 Disability and psychoanalysis 31 Brian Watermeyer Section II Government and societal responses to disability 45 Free download from ww 5 A history of the disability rights movement in South Africa 46 Colleen Howell, Schuaib Chalklen and Thomas Alberts 6 Integrating disability within government: the Office on the Status of Disabled Persons 85 Sebenzile Matsebula, Marguerite Schneider and Brian Watermeyer 7 Establishing the Secretariat for the African Decade of Persons with Disabilities 93 Shuaib Chalklen, Leslie Swartz and Brian Watermeyer 8 Disability and human rights: the South African Human Rights Commission 99 Charlotte Mcclain Nhlapo, Brian Watermeyer and Marguerite Schneider 9 HIV/AIDS and disability: new challenges 108 Leslie Swartz, Marguerite Schneider, and Poul Rohleder 10 ‘How could she possibly manage in court?’ An intervention programme assisting complainants with intellectual disabilities in sexual assault cases in the Western Cape. 116 Beverley Dickman, Amanda Roux, Susan Manson, Gillian Douglas and Nokuthula Shabalala 11 Language policy and SASL: interpreters in the public service 134 Marion Heap and Helen Morgans Section III Disability and education 148 12 Disability and schooling in South Africa 149 ac.za Crain Soudien and Jean Baxen ress. p 13 Disabled students and higher education in South Africa 164 Colleen Howell w.hsrc 14 Developing a Disability Studies programme: engaging activism and academia for social change 179 Theresa Lorenzo, Mzolisi ka Toni and Mark Priestley 15 Developing literacy with Deaf adults 192 Meryl Glaser and Theresa Lorenzo Section IV Disability, poverty, and social security 206 Free download from ww 16 Disability, poverty, gender and race 207 Tony Emmett 17 Tough choices: disability and social security in South Africa 234 Leslie Swartz and Marguerite Schneider 18 Issues in disability assessment 245 Ruth Watson, Marion Fourie and Joan Andrews Section V Disability and service provision 260 19 Physically disabled women and discrimination in reproductive health care: psychoanalytic reflections 261 Nokwanele Mgwili and Brian Watermeyer 20 Community-based rehabilitation: new challenges 273 Sarah Rule, Theresa Lorenzo and Milani Wolmarans 21 Psychiatric disability and social change: an insider perspective 291 Siyabulela K and Madeleine Duncan 22 Parents and therapists: dilemmas in partnership 311 Judy Mckenzie and Bronwen Müller Section VI Disability and human spaces 324 23 Disability and universal access: observations on housing from the spatial and social periphery 325 JustineJustineCoulson,MarkNapierandGertrudeMatsebe Coulson, Mark Napier and Gertrude Matsebe 24 Disability and homelessness: a personal journey from the margins to the centre and back 350 Gubela Mji ac.za 25 Entrepreneurship, employment and skills: Ari Seirlis in conversation 361 ress. p Ari Seirlis and Leslie Swartz 26 Media and disability 373 w.hsrc Jane Stadler 27 ‘Ag shame’ and superheroes: stereotype and the signification of disability 387 Kathleen McDougall List of contributors 401 Index 404 Free download from ww DISABILITY AND SOCIAL CHANGE: A SOUTH AFRICAN AGENDA List of tables and figures Tables 11.1 SASL interpreters in South Africa, by category, number and by ratio of interpreters to SASL users 140 12.1 Distribution of disabled persons per category, per province 150 12.2 Distribution of special schools and learners in special schools, per province 151 16.1 Estimates of national disability prevalence rates 1995–1999 209 16.2 Percentages of people with and without disabilities receiving grants 223 ac.za 16.3 Distribution of disability among the major population groups 225 17.1 Number of beneficiaries of disability grants, by province 237 ress. p 17.2 Annual growth in disability grant beneficiary numbers, by percentage 238 18.1 Categories of productivity 257 22.1 The public/private divide in South African health, mid-1999 312 w.hsrc 23.1 Case study characteristics: communities at a glance 329 23.2 Types of first impairment compared to national average (2001 Census) 330 23.3 Dwelling types occupied by sample 342 Figures 16.1 Monthly income of people with and without disabilities, 1996 222 16.2 Personal incomes of disabled people, by gender 224 Free download from ww 16.3 Percentages of population with and without disabilities, by level of education 226 20.1 CBR partnership programme: an implementation model 285 23.1 Settlements around Tshwane 328 23.2 Inaccessible toilets in RDP houses 332 23.3 RDP and ESCAP toilet plans 333 23.4 Lack of privacy: a toilet in a small house 333 23.5 Drawing by Elias Mahoro showing informal squat toilets – the only option 334 23.6 Poor roads are a barrier 337 23.7 Drawing by Amos Baloyi showing how muddy uneven paths prevent independent movement 338 23.8 Saulsville Railway Station: no access 339 viii FOREWORD Foreword In the world today, disabled people are lobbying the United Nations to advance the rights of disabled people by adopting the Disability Convention. In Africa, disabled people and their governments are implementing the African Decade of Disabled People (2000–2009) to ensure improvement in, and equalisation of, opportunities for disabled people. In South Africa, in 2006 we celebrate the tenth anniversary of the adoption of our Constitution, a document we can all be proud of and that promotes the rights of all South Africans. Unlike many other such documents, our Constitution specifically mentions the right of disabled people to equality. ac.za As we advance our struggle on all these fronts, it is therefore fitting that this book, Disability and social change: A South African agenda, should appear, representing ress. p one more step towards the realisation of rights for all South Africans. In 1997, the then Deputy President of South Africa, Thabo Mbeki signed the White w.hsrc Paper on the Integrated National Disability Strategy – the INDS. The INDS placed the issue of disability firmly in the centre of concerns around what it takes to make a society that is accessible and provides equal opportunities for all. The INDS called for research to promote the rights and participation of disabled people in our society. This major book, supported by the Disability Movement in South Africa, and with its many authors and wide range of topics, answers that call. It also asks all South Africans to continue thinking about and researching the rights of disabled people, to continue to build a more inclusive society, and to take on board the slogan of Disabled People South Africa, ‘Nothing about us, without us!’. The book Free download from ww makes it clear how far we have come since the INDS – it is very unlikely that such a document would have been published even ten years ago. It also makes it clear that we still have a long way to go, in relation to the challenges of unemployment, and in making transport and social services truly accessible. The editors and authors of this book come from a variety of sectors in South Africa, and are diverse with respect to disability, gender, race, and class. Collectively they issue us with a powerful challenge – to intensify our efforts to make the provisions of our Constitution real for all South Africans. Read this book – it may well spur you on to make your own best efforts to address the disability agenda. The best compliment you could pay to the authors of this remarkable volume would be to make your own contribution to enhancing the rights and opportunities of disabled people in South Africa. I call on all members of the Disability Movement to engage in this disability and social agenda. Lewis Nzimande, MP and National Chairperson, Disabled People South Africa 1999 to 2006 ix DISABILITY AND SOCIAL CHANGE: A SOUTH AFRICAN AGENDA Acknowledgements The contributors to this volume are drawn from a broad cross-section of the diverse and complex nation that is South Africa.