INDEX An "/" or a "t" suffix indicates that a term may be found in a figure or table on the page indi­ cated. Accentor, Hedge: see Prunella modularis A1ca torda (Razorbill), 46t, 206t Accipiter gentilis (Northern Goshawk), 43t Alcedo atthis (Common Kingfisher), 45t A. nisus (Sparrowhawk), 7, 43t, 204t Alectoris rufa (Red-legged Partridge), Acrocephalus schoenobaenus (Sedge 112t,118t Warbler), 208t Allee effect, 170, 175 A. scirpaceus (Reed Warbler), 208t American Avocet: see Recurvirostra Actitis macularia (Spotted Sandpiper), americana 204t 213-215, 227-228 American Black Duck: see Anas rubripes Adjacent habitat, response of brood para­ American Crow: see Corvus sites to, 294, 299 brachyrhynchos Aegolius funereus (Boreal Owl), 42t, 50, 227 American Dipper: see Cinclus mexicanus Agelaius phoeniceus (Red-winged Black­ American Golden Plover: see Pluvialis bird), 16, 39, 44t, 90t, 106, 112t, dominica 113t, 114, 129t, 209t, 229, 264, American Goldfinch: see Carduelis tristis 281,283 American Kestrel: see Falco sparverius Air ions, as cue of advancing winter American Pipit: see Anthus rubescens storm, 24 American Redstart: see Setophaga Aix sponsa (Wood Duck), 45t, 122t, 234 ruticilla Alauda arvensis (Eurasian Skylark), 47t, 90t American Tree Sparrow: see Spizella Albatross, 163 arborea Black-browed: see Diomedea American Wigeon: see Anas americana melanophris American Woodcock: see Scolopax minor Gray-headed: see Diomedea Anas acuta (Northern Pintail), 4lt, 51, 123t chrysostoma A. americana (American Wigeon), 4lt, Laysan: see Diomedea immutabilis 122t Royal: see Diomedea epomophora A. capensis (Cape Teal), 122t Sooty: see Phoebetria fusca A. castanea (Chestnut Teal), 123t Wandering: see Diomedea exulans A. clypeata (Northern Shoveler), 41t, Waved: see Diomedea irrorata 113t, 123t 311 312 INDEX Anas acuta (Northern Pintail) (cont.) Arrival-time advantage, different mi­ A. crecca (Common Teal, Green­ grants, 68 Winged Teal), 4lt, 123t modeled without dominance competi­ A. discors (Blue-winged Teall, 114, 122t tion, 71-72 A. erythrorhyncha (Red-billed Duck), sex differences in, 74-75 123t Arrival-time hypothesis, 38-44 A. gibberifrons (Sunda Teal), 123t research on differential migration and, A. minutus (Black Noddy), 205t 38-44,48,51-56 A. penelope (Eurasian Wigeon), 41 t, 122t Asio otus (Long-eared Owl), 42t A. platyrhynchos (Mallard), 4lt, 108t, Auklet 113t, 122t Ancient: see Synthliboramphus A. rhynchotis (Australian Shoveler), antiquum 123t Cassin's: see Ptychoramphus aleuticus A. rubripes (American Black Duck), 49t Avocet, American: see Recurvirostra A. smithii (Cape Shoveler), 122t americana A. strepera (Common Gadwall), 122t Aythya affinis (Lesser Scaup), 49t, 113t, A. superciliosa (Pacific Black Duck), 116,123t 113(' 122t A. americana (Redhead), 123t A. undulata (Yellow-billed Duck), 122t A. australis (Hardhead), 123t Ani, Groove-billed: see Crotophaga A. col/aris (Ring-necked Duck), 42t, 123t sulcirostris A. ferina (Common Pochard), 4lt, 123t Anous stolidus (Brown Noddy). 205t A. fuligula (Tufted Duck), 45t, 123t A. tenuirostris (Lesser Noddy), 205t A. marila (Greater Scaup), 45t Anser albifrons (White-fronted Goose), A. valisineria (Canvasback), 4lt, 113t, 203t 116,123t A. caerulescens (Snow Goose), 33, 92, 96 Babbler, Arrowmarked: see Thrdoides A. canagicus (Emperor Goose), 12lt jardinerii Anseranas semipalmata (Magpie Goose), Barn-owl, Common: see Tyto alba 90t, 113t, 116, 121t Barometric pressure, as cue of advancing Anthus campestris (Tawny Pipit), 105 winter storm, 21-22 A. novaeseelandiae (New Zealand Best-of-n models, 198-199 Pipit), 133t Biziura lobata (Musk Duck), 12lt A. pratensis (Meadow Pipit), 90t, 105, Blackbird 106, 113t, 129t, 133t Common: see Turdus merula A. rubescens (American Pipit), 90t, Eurasian: see Turdus merula 105, 106, 129t European: see Turdus merula A. spino/etta (Water Pipit), 105, 113t, Red-winged: see Agelaius phoeniceus 129t Yellow-headed: see Xanthocephalus A. vaalensis (Buffy Pipit), 113t xanthocephalus Aphelocoma coerulescens (Scrub Jay), Blackcap: see Sylvia atricapilla 161, 207t Bobwhite, Northern: see Colinus Aptenodytes forsteri (Emperor Penguin). virginian us 20lt Body mass, daily cycle of, 10 Apteryx australis (Brown Kiwi), 112t Body-size hypothesis, 35-36 Apus apus (Swift), 207t research on differential migration and, Aquila adalberti (Spanish Imperial Ea­ 35-36,41-44,48-49,51-56 gle), 204t Bombycil/a cedrorum (Cedar Waxwing), 49t A. heliaca (Imperial Eagle). 46t Bonasa umbel/us (Ruffed Grouse), 104t, A. nipalensis (Steppe Eagle), 46t 105, 112t, 121t, 204t Ardea herodias (Great Blue Heron), 203t Booby, Red-footed: see Sula sula INDEX 313 Brambling: see Fringi1la montifringi1la Calcarius laponicus (Lapland Longspur), Branta canadensis (Canada Goose), 113t, 17 116,121t Calcium intake, 95-98, 110-111 Breeders, cooperative, and dispersal, Calidris alba (Sanderling), 45t, 49t 221-222 C. alpina (Dunlin), 45t, 125t, 126t Breeding, age of first, 161-163 C. ferruginea (Curlew Sandpiper), 45t, Breeding females, density of hosts, 305 126t Breeding ground/site, and dispersal C. mauri (Western Sandpiper). 42t, 50, quality, 189 125t selection, 189; see also Prospecting C. melanotos (Pectoral Sandpiper), wintering close to: see Arrival-time ad- 125t, 132t vantage C. minuti1la (Least Sandpiper), 45t, Breeding home range for female cow­ 125t birds, 304-306 C. spp., 90t Breeding opportunities, competition for, Callipepla californica (California Quail), and diffential migration, 38-39 105,121t Breeding probability/propensity, 153, 156 Calonectris diomedea (Cory's Breeding/reproduction, differential mi­ Shearwater), 202t gration and, 38 Calypte anna (Anna's Hummingbird), 91, Breeding-site fidelity, and dispersal, 226 124t, 132t Brood parasitism, 273, 304-306; see also Canvasback: see Aythya valisineria Edge effects Capercaillie, Western: see Tetrao hypothesis-testing and interrelations urogallus among, 288-293 Caprimulgids, 124t levelof,264,265, 268,271, 272, 275- Caprimulgus europaeus (Eurasian Night­ 277,280-282,305 jar). 124t, 132t models of, 263-273, 280-282; see also Caracara, Crested: see Polyborus plancus specific models Cardinal, Northern: see Cardinalis multiple host species, 296-297 cardinalis path analysis, 300-302 Cardinalis cardinalis (Northern Cardinal), payoff (hj,q), 275, 305 281 statements and predictions, 289-292 Carduelis cannabin a (Linnet), 22, 47t testing alternative mechanisms of edge C. carduelis (European Goldfinch), 44t effects, 293-300 C. chloris (European Greenfinch), 4,7, Bucephala albeola (Bufflehead), 45t, 12,47t 203t, 214, 228 C. flammea (Common Redpoll), 22 B. clangula (Common Goldeneye), 42t, C. spinus (Eurasian Siskin), 49t, 91 203t, 214, 229 C. tristis (American Goldfinch), 2-7, B. islandica (Barrow's Goldeneye), 11,13,15,17,25,43t 203t, 214 Carpodacus coccothraustes (Hawfinch). Bullfinch: see Pyrrhula pyrrhula 47t Bunting C. mexicanus (House Finch), 3, 4, 8, 11, Indigo: see Passerina cyanea 44t, 48,50, 51,56, 236 Snow: see Plectrophenax nivalis C. purpureus (Purple Finch), 49t Yellow: see Emberiza citrin ella C. rubici1la (Great Rosefinch), 47t Bustard, Great: see Otis tarda Carrying capacity, and differential migra­ Buteo buteo (Common Buzzard), 46t tion,60,65-69 B. jamaicensis (Red-tailed Hawk), 46t Catharacta maccormicki (McCormick B. lagopus (Rough-legged Hawk), 43t, 51 Skua),204t B. platypterus (Broad-winged Hawk), 46t C. skua (Great Skua), 45t, 204t Buzzard, Common: see Buteo buteo Catharus guttatus (Hermit Thrush), 46t 314 INDEX Cepphus grylle (Pigeon Guillemot), 206t Columba fasciata (Band-tailed Pigeon) Certhia brachydacty1a (Short-tailed Tree­ (cont.) creeper), 208t C. livia (Pigeon, Rock Dove, Homing Pi­ C. famiJiaris (Eurasian Tree-creeper), geon), 9, 22,23, 233 208t C. oenas (Stock Pigeon), 45t Chachalaca, Chaco: see Ortalis canicollis C. pa1umbus (Common Wood Pigeon), Chaffinch: see FringilJa coe1ebs 124t Charadrius a1exandrinus (Kentish Plo- Coot, Common: see Fulica atra ver),49t Cormorant c. hiaticu1a (Common Ringed Plover), Brandt's: see Pha1acrocorax penicillatus 126t, 132t Double-crested: see Pha1acrocorax auri-' C. vociferus (Killdeer), 126t, 132t tus Chenonetta jubata (Maned Duck), 90t, 122t Flightless: see Nannopterum harrisi Chickadee Great: see Pha1acrocorax carbo Black-capped: see Parus atricapilJus Guanay: see Pha1acrocorax Mountain: see Parus gambeli bougainvillei Chicken: see Gallus gallus Olivaceous: see Hypo1eucos olivaceous Domestic: see Gallus domesticus Red-legged: see Pha1acrocorax Greater Prairie: see 7)rmpanuchus gaimardi cupido Corvids, 90t Chlidonias niger (Black Tern), 132t Corvus brachyrhynchos (American Crow), Chough, Red-billed: see Pyrrhocorax 91, 127t pyrrhocorax C. corax (Common Raven), 90t, 127t Ciconia ciconia (White Stork), 203t C. corone (Carrion Crow), 46t, 96, 127t Cinc1us cinc1us (Dipper, Eurasian Dipper, C. dauricus (Daurian Jackdaw), 46t White-throated Dipper), 6, 46t, C. monedu1a (Eurasian Jackdaw), 46t, 112t 96, 106, 127t C. mexican us (American Dipper), 46t C. spp., crow, 283 Circannual rhythms, and winter acclima­ Coturnicops noveboracensis (Yellow tization,12 Rail), 124t, 132t Circus cyaneus (Northern Harrier), 43t, 51 Coturnix japonica (Japanese Quail), 9, C. macrourus (Pallid Harrier), 46t 102-103 Cistothorus pa1ustris (Marsh Wren), 46t Cowbird C1angu1a hyemalis (Long-tailed Duck, Bay-winged: see Mo10thrus badius Oldsquaw), 124t Brown-headed: see Mo10thrus ater Clearcuts, and brood parasitism, 285 Screaming: see Mo10thrus rufoaxillaris Clouds, as cue of advancing winter storm, Cowbird density,