ETHIOPIA – KENYA POWER SYSTEMS INTERCONNECTION PROJECT Revision of Environmental and Social Impact Assessment and Resettlement Action Plan FINAL ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT (ESIA) REPORT Tropics Consulting Gamma Systems Ltd Engineers Plc January 2012 Gamma Systems Ltd First Floor, Centro House P O Box 1033 – 00606 Nairobi Tel: + 254 20 44 51 528 Fax + 254 20 44 51 529 Email: [email protected] CONTENTS 1. EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................... xii 2. INTRODUCTION ............................................................................................................ 1 2.1 Project Background ................................................................................................. 1 2.2 History of the Project ............................................................................................... 1 2.3 Justification of the project ........................................................................................ 2 2.4 Scope and Objectives of the Project ........................................................................ 2 3. DESCRIPTION OF THE PROJECT ............................................................................... 3 3.1 Description of Proposed Works ............................................................................... 3 3.1.1 Operations and Maintenance ........................................................................... 4 3.2 Description of the Proposed route ........................................................................... 4 4. LEGAL FRAMEWORK OF KENYA ...............................................................................14 4.1 The Energy Act, No. 12 of 2006 .............................................................................14 4.2 Environmental Management and Coordination Act, 1999 .......................................14 4.2.1 EMCA (Environmental Impact Assessment and Audit) regulation of 2003 .......14 4.2.2 EMCA (Noise and Excessive Vibration Pollution) Regulations, 2010 ...............14 4.2.3 EMCA (Waste Management) Regulation, 2006 ...............................................15 4.2.4 EMCA (Fossil Fuel Emission Control) Regulations, 2006 ................................15 4.3 The Occupation Safety and Health Act (OSHA), 2007 ............................................15 4.4 Work Injury compensation Benefit Act 2007 ...........................................................15 4.5 Land Planning Act Cap 303 ....................................................................................15 4.6 Land Control Act Cap 302 ......................................................................................15 4.7 Land Acquisition Act 295 ........................................................................................16 4.8 Way leave Act 292 .................................................................................................16 4.9 The Registered Land Act Chapter 300 Laws of Kenya ...........................................16 4.10 Public Roads and Roads of Access Act (Cap. 399) ................................................16 4.11 Local Government Act, Chapter 265 of the Laws of Kenya .....................................16 4.12 The Standards Act, Chapter 496 of the Laws of Kenya ..........................................16 4.13 Agriculture Act (Cap 318) .......................................................................................16 4.14 Forests Act (Cap 385 and Act No. 7 of 2005) .........................................................17 4.15 Wildlife (Conservation and Management) Act (Cap 376) ........................................17 4.16 Land Planning Act (Cap 303) .................................................................................17 4.17 Institutional Framework ..........................................................................................17 4.17.1 KETRACO .......................................................................................................17 4.17.2 National Environmental Management Authority (NEMA) .................................17 4.17.3 The Role of NEMA during EIA and Auditing Processes ...................................18 4.17.4 The Ministry of Energy (MoE) ..........................................................................18 4.17.5 The Energy Regulatory Commission (ERC) ....................................................18 5. INTERNATIONAL AGENCIES POLICIES .....................................................................20 i 5.1 Description Of World Bank Environmental & Social Safeguards Policies And Triggers ............................................................................................................................20 5.2 Environmental Assessment (OP4.01, BP 4.01 .......................................................20 5.2.1 Category “A” Projects ......................................................................................20 5.2.2 Category “B” Projects ......................................................................................21 5.2.3 Category “C” Projects ......................................................................................21 5.3 OP 4.12 - Involuntary Resettlement ........................................................................21 5.4 OP/BP 4.04 natural habitats ...................................................................................22 5.5 OP 4.10 - Indigenous Peoples ................................................................................22 5.6 OP/ BP 4.11 Physical Cultural Resources ..............................................................22 5.7 Alignment of relevant WB and Government of Kenya Policies ................................23 5.8 Requirements for Public Disclosure ........................................................................23 5.9 African development bank (AFDB) policies ............................................................23 5.9.1 Key Environmental Triggers ............................................................................24 5.9.2 Environmental Classification according to AfDB ..............................................24 5.9.3 AfDB Environmental Social Impact Assessment Guidelines, 2004 ..................25 5.10 International Agreements and Standards ...............................................................25 6. METHODOLOGY ..........................................................................................................26 6.1 Bio-physical Environment .......................................................................................26 6.2 Socio-economic studies .........................................................................................26 7. ANALYSIS OF ALTERNATIVES ...................................................................................29 7.1 No Project Option ...................................................................................................29 7.2 Other alternatives to the project..............................................................................29 7.3 ROUTE OPTIONS..................................................................................................29 8. PREVAILING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ALONG THE PREFERRED ROUTE .34 8.1 Physical Environment .............................................................................................34 8.1.1 Geography and Topography ............................................................................34 8.1.2 Geology ...........................................................................................................35 8.1.3 Soil ..................................................................................................................35 8.1.4 Climate ............................................................................................................36 8.1.5 Water (Surface and Groundwater Resources) .................................................37 8.1.6 Landscape ......................................................................................................38 8.2 Biological Environment ...........................................................................................40 8.2.1 Vegetation .......................................................................................................40 8.2.2 Fauna ..............................................................................................................42 8.2.3 Protected Areas ..............................................................................................46 8.3 Environmentally Sensitive sites Other than Protected Areas ..................................49 8.3.1 The Laikipia – Samburu Ecosystem ................................................................50 8.3.2 Lake Ol Bolossat .............................................................................................52 8.3.3 Dida Galgalu ...................................................................................................54 ii 8.4 Threatened Species Within The Project Area .........................................................57 8.4.1 Grevy’s Zebra..................................................................................................57 8.4.2 Lion .................................................................................................................57 8.4.3 African Wild Dog .............................................................................................57 8.4.4