Creating Culturally Responsive Classrooms Presented by Ellen Montgomery April 1, 2018 11:15am-12:15pm American School of Doha [email protected] Agenda • Introduction • What is Critical Race Theory, Critical Pedagogy and the Hidden Curriculum? • Turn and Talk… • What is Cultural Responsive Teaching? • Framework(s) for Culturally Responsive Teaching • T-Chart Activity • Resources and Authors What is Critical Race Theory? •CRT recognizes that racism is engrained in the fabric and system of the American society. •The individual racist need not exist to note that institutional racism is pervasive in the dominant culture. •This is the analytical lens that CRT uses in examining existing power structures. •CRT identifies that these power structures are based on white privilege and white supremacy, which perpetuates the marginalization. What is Critical Pedagogy? •Critical Pedagogy is a teaching approach which attempts to help students question and challenge domination, and the beliefs and practices that perpetuate it (such as the cultural deficit paradigm). •Teachers need to be critically conscious and use an analytical lens (the hope is that teachers will help students learn to do this as well). What is the Hidden Curriculum? The hidden curriculum reinforces social reproduction and cultural hegemony by preserving the interests of a dominating group. Turn and Talk ….. In what ways have you helped perpetuate the dominant culture or possibly marginalize a student in your classroom? A story of skin color in the art room…. What is Culturally Responsive Teaching? Two Important Authors : Geneva Gay & Gloria Ladson-Billings Culturally Responsive Teaching is a pedagogy that recognizes the importance of including students' cultural references in all aspects of learning (Ladson-Billings, 1994). Geneva Gay Some of the characteristics of culturally responsive teaching are: •Positive perspectives on parents and families •Communication of high expectations •Learning within the context of culture •Student-centered instruction •Culturally mediated instruction •Reshaping the curriculum •Teacher as facilitator Four Conditions Necessary for Culturally Responsive Teaching 1.Establish Inclusion 2.Develop Positive Attitude 3.Enhance Meaning 4.Engender Competence T- Chart Activity with group Use the characteristics, conditions, and principles charts as a guide What culturally What culturally responsive practices are responsive practices do we already using? we need to put more effort into? Some authors, books, articles you may be interested in. Anyon, J. (1980). Social class and the hidden curriculum of work. Journal of Education, 162(1), 67-92. Apple, M.W. (2004). Ideology and curriculum. New York, NY: Routledge Falmer. Bourdieu, P. (1986). The forms of capital. In J. Richardson (Ed.). Handbook of Theory and Research for the Sociology of Education (New York, NY: Greenwood), 241- 258. Delpit, L. (2006). Other people’s children: Cultural conflict in the classroom. New York, NY: The New Press. Dewey, J. (1925). Human nature and conduct: An introduction to social psychology. New York, NY: Modern Library. Gay, G. (2010). Culturally responsive teaching: Theory, research, & practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Geertz, C. (1973). The interpretation of cultures. New York, NY: Basic Books. Gibbons, P. (2002). Scaffolding language, scaffolding learning. Portsmouth, NH: hooks, b. (2003). Teaching community: A pedagogy of hope. New York, NY: Routledge. 89 hooks, b. (2004). Culture to culture. Ethnography and cultural studies as critical intervention. In S.N. Hesse- Biber, and P. Leavy (Eds.). Approaches to Qualitative Research. New York, NY: Oxford University Press, 149-158. Igoa, C. (1995). The inner world of the immigrant child. New York, NY: St. Martin’s Press. Ladson-Billings, G. (2011). Is meeting the diverse needs of all students possible? Kappa Delta Pi Record, 47(1), 13-15. Nieto, S. (1994, Winter). Lessons from students on creating a chance to dream. Harvard Educational Review, 64(4), 392-426. Nieto, S. (2010). The light in their eyes: Creating multicultural learning communities. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Noddings, N. (1999). Care, justice, and equity. In M. S. Katz, N. Noddings, and K. A. Strike (Eds.), Justice and caring: The search for common ground in education, pp. 7-20. New York, NY: Teachers College Press. Paley, V.G. (2000). White teacher. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Porfilio, B.J., & Malott, C.S. (2011). Guiding white pre-service and in-service teachers toward critical pedagogy: Utilizing counter-cultures in teacher education. Educational Foundations, 25(1), 19-19. Talyor, S.V., & Sobel, D.M. (2011). Culturally responsive pedagogy: Teaching like our students lives matter. London, England: Emerald Group. .