Technical Assistance Consultant’s Report Project Number: 36188 November 2008 NEPAL: Preparing the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (Financed by the: Japan Special Fund and the Netherlands Trust Fund for the Water Financing Partnership Facility) Prepared by: Padeco Co. Ltd. in association with Metcon Consultants, Nepal Tokyo, Japan For Department of Urban Development and Building Construction This consultant’s report does not necessarily reflect the views of ADB or the Government concerned, and ADB and the Government cannot be held liable for its contents. (For project preparatory technical assistance: All the views expressed herein may not be incorporated into the proposed project’s design. TA 7182-NEP PREPARING THE SECONDARY TOWNS INTEGRATED URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT Volume 3: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT in association with TA 7182-NEP PREPARING THE SECONDARY TOWNS INTEGRATED URBAN ENVIRONMENTAL IMPROVEMENT PROJECT FINAL REPORT Volume 3: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT June 2010 Prepared for the Asian Development Bank and the Government of Nepal in association with Tsunashima No. 2 Building METCON Consultants 3-20-12 Yushima P.O. Box 4412 Bunkyo-ku 43 / 15 Dandibaba Marg, Tangal, Tokyo 113-0034 Kathmadu-2, Japan Nepal Tel: +81-3-5812-1091 Tel: +977-1-441-2902 Fax: +81-3-5812-1092 Fax: +977-1- 441-8478 Email: [email protected] Email: [email protected] Acronyms ADB Asian Development Bank CBS Central Bureau of Statistics CCFUG Charpala Community Forest User Group CDM Clean Development Mechanism DDC District Development Committee DUDBC Department of Urban Development and Building Construction GHG Greenhouse gas GoN Government of Nepal HIV/AIDS Human Immune deficiency Virus / Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome INGO International Non-governmental Organization ISWA International Solid Waste Association MLD Ministry of Local Development MPPW Ministry of Physical Planning and Works MuAN Municipality Association of Nepal NEPAP Nepal Environmental Policy and action plan NGO Non-governmental Organization PEMON Pesticide Monitoring Nepal PPTA Project Preparatory Technical Assistance SAARC South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation SEAM-N Strengthening of Environment Administration and Management at the local level SEZ Special Economic Zones STIUEIP Secondary Town Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement SWM Solid Waste Management SWMRMC Solid Waste Management and Resource Mobilization Centre TLO tole/lane organizations TOT Training for Trainer UN United Nations VDCs Village Development Committees WEPCO Women’s Environment Preservation Committee WHO World Health Organization WRMC Waste Resource Management Committee TA 7182-NEP - i - Final Report, Vol. 3 Contents 1 Introduction ................................................................................................................................. 1 2 Sub-sector review ........................................................................................................................ 3 2.1 International agreements ....................................................................................................... 3 2.2 Legislation and regulations ................................................................................................... 4 2.3 Solid Waste Management Bill, 2008 .................................................................................... 6 2.4 National policies ................................................................................................................... 6 2.5 Design standards ................................................................................................................... 9 2.6 Best practice .......................................................................................................................... 9 2.7 Private sector participation.................................................................................................. 12 2.8 Impediments to improvements ............................................................................................ 12 3 Rationale for STIUEIP ............................................................................................................. 15 3.1 Key problems and opportunities ......................................................................................... 15 3.2 Related project: SEAM-N ................................................................................................... 18 3.3 Existing SWM services in the municipalities ..................................................................... 22 4 Basis of design ........................................................................................................................... 28 4.1 Objectives of the SWM component .................................................................................... 28 4.2 Future waste quantities and characteristics ......................................................................... 28 4.3 Storage and collection of waste .......................................................................................... 29 4.4 Storage of waste by households and other waste generators .............................................. 29 4.5 Transportation of waste to processing facility .................................................................... 31 4.6 Health care waste ................................................................................................................ 33 4.7 Waste processing centers .................................................................................................... 35 4.8 Awareness programs ........................................................................................................... 40 4.9 Staff requirements ............................................................................................................... 40 4.10 Public private partnerships .................................................................................................. 41 4.11 Participation of the informal sector ..................................................................................... 41 5 Implementation arrangements................................................................................................. 45 TA 7182-NEP - ii - Final Report, Vol. 3 5.1 Implementation schedule .................................................................................................... 45 5.2 Implementation responsibilities .......................................................................................... 45 5.3 Site selection and land acquisition ...................................................................................... 46 5.4 Contract packaging and procurement ................................................................................. 50 5.5 Hazardous waste and industrial waste ................................................................................ 50 5.6 Landfill operations and maintenance .................................................................................. 51 5.7 Marketing ............................................................................................................................ 53 5.8 Institutional arrangements ................................................................................................... 54 Appendices A Contracting solid waste collection in Biratnagar B Manufacturing establishments near project towns C Photographs D Statistical data E Biratnagar: maps F Birgunj: maps G Butwal: maps H Birgunj: volume projections and cost estimates I Butwal: volume projections and cost estimates TA 7182-NEP - iii - Final Report, Vol. 3 1 Introduction 1 This is Volume 3 of the Final Report for a Project Preparatory Technical Assistance (PPTA) of the Asian Development Bank (ADB) for the Government of Nepal (GoN) pertaining to the Secondary Towns Integrated Urban Environmental Improvement Project (hereafter “the project” or “STIUEIP”). The PPTA commenced on 1 May 2009. The Ministry of Physical Planning and Works (MPPW) acting through the Department of Urban Development and Building Construction (DUDBC) is the executing agency for the project preparation. 2 On 17 August 2009, the Steering Committee approved the selection of Biratnagar, Birgunj, and Butwal as the project’s focus municipalities. The consultants subsequently carried out surveys, consulted stakeholders, and analyzed engineering, institutional, social, financial, economic and environmental aspects of the proposed project. 3 The Final Report comprises nineteen volumes as follows: 1. Project Rationale 2. Drainage and Sanitation 3. Solid Waste Management 4. Roads and Lanes 5. Public-Private Partnerships 6. Poverty Reduction and Social Strategy 7. Major Environmental Issues 8. Economic Analysis 9. Institutional Analysis 10. Butwal Water Supply 11. Biratnagar Survey Data 12. Birgunj Survey Data 13. Butwal Survey Data 14. Financial Assessments 15. Biratnagar Social Safeguards 16. Birgunj Social Safeguards 17. Biratnagar Initial Environmental Assessment 18. Birgunj Initial Environmental Assessment 19. Butwal Initial Environmental Assessment 4 This volume provides an overview of the Solid Waste Management component of the project, which is part of the Birgunj and Butwal sub-projects. The Biratnagar sub-project does not have a solid waste management component as another project will provide the required regional waste processing facility and improvements in solid waste management. TA 7182-NEP - 1 - Final Report,