and brought him to face Gonzalo Pizarro, Lima and allowed an who had put himself arbitrator to judge above the Spanish CUSCO HISTORY the border between authority. The sicken ANDY ROSCOE’S FREE INCAN TOUR GUIDES Francisco and himself. troops recovered here It was decided that and fed on Inca stores Interactive Maps and Tour Guides available at: AndyRoscoe.com/peru until Spain made a of maize that were still ruling, Cuzco would well stocked.5 remain with Almagro and Hernando be 1547. COTAPAMPA. set free and forced President Gasca chose this spot to cross the to return to Spain. RODRIGO OROÑEZ. HEMMING VICEROY TOLEDO. HEMMING But on Hernando’s Apurimac. Gonzalo had release, Francisco wanted Cuzco back and asked destroyed all bridges. Gasca also ordered the Hernando to lead the forces to secure it. preparation of building at 3 other locations, so as to divide Gonzalo’s forces.5 1538 MAY. Almagro set up forces at Las Salinas and prepared to fight Hernando. Orgoñez fought 1550. Start of Colonial phase. Conquistador incredibly, killing several knights, but a chain phase over. Escuela Cuzquena, shool of art 9 shot penetrated his visor and his horse was flourished. killed under him. Surrounded, Orgonez requested 1560. Viceroy has city roofs tiled to avoid fire that he turn his sword over, but only to a knight. hazard. He turns it over to Fuentes, who then quickly CATHEDRAL. MCGAREY stabs him with his dagger, cuts off his head, 1572 SEP 21. Arbieto returns to Cuzco with BACKGROUND and pikes it in the Cuzco square as a traitor. Tupac Amaru from Vilcabamba.4 Cusco, Cuzco, Qosqo. Doesn’t mean “navel of the and tribes. Laborers and artisans lived in Almagro watched the battle from afar. Seeing world”, but “placenta of the world,”7 showing districts surrounding the ceremonial core. Stone 1572 SEP 24. Tupac Amaru is led to the main that they were losing he fled in retreat to Cuzco their arrogance. In the secret Inca language of models of the city have been found. Hanan Cuzco square for his execution. The entire city and and Hernado quickly followed. Almagro was Callawaya it means “richest of the rich”.NG Dec73 featured the Chinchaysuyu and Antisuyu. Hurin hillsides were full with people to see the last captured. The entire battle lasted 2 hours. The Cuzco featured the Cuntisuyu and Collasuyu.8 Inca. A great wail rose among the crowd. Tupac dead were left and were scavenged by the locals FOUNDING. Ayars, ancestors of the Incas, Buildings had steep roofs and had large raised his hand then lowered it – all become and left naked on the plain. emerged from the caves at Pacarictambo and courtyards “the size of city blocks.” There were silent.4 6 wandered north looking for good land. The channels of water throughout the city and 1538 JUL 8. Almagro was accused of treason first Inca, Manco Capac, traveled here with his 1707. Jesuits are expulsed from Peru. Leaving many fountains. A holy city in the center of and beheaded in Cuzco’s main square at the age sister/wife Mama Ocllo from L Titicaca or the La Universidad de Cuzco to be used as soldier the universe. No commerce or other typical city of 70 by Hernando, the same man he had shown caves of Pacaritambo. He sunk a staff into the barracks.9 functions.2 mercy to and released a few months earlier. ground to determine the best soil and place to Cusco walls. Most of the walls in Cusco Pizarro is murdered in his home by followers of 1820S. Cusco held by royalists vs Gen San live. This happened at Huanaypata of Cuzco. The are transitional work. The Spanish used Inca 9 Almagro. His son became the new ruler of Peru. Martin. Finished in Ayacucho in 1824. local tribe, Sauseray, was led by a strong chief, masons. Includes: House of Serpents, House He was half Inca. But Spain declared Vaca de Copalimayta; he was defeated and fled. Manco 1825. Simon Bolivar entered Cuzco and made of Valleumbroso, House of Pumas, north side Castro the govenor. Manco sent him his support Capac and Mama Huaco settled at Cuzco and of Hatun Rumiyoc St, east side of Romeritos in siezed armour and weapons and promised to La Universidad de Cuzco a School of Science and took control of fields, houses, and people. 9 St. These fakes have stones of different colors, 5 headquarters. join him in battle if needed. Manco divided the city into four canchas are not inclined inward, joints are located or neighborhoods: Quinti, Chumbi, Sayri, directly above another, height of stone courses 1542. Diego Almagro fled the battle with Vaca 6 Yarambuy. Wards of the city are organized and is irregular, or has carved animals. Real Inca de Castro. He arrived in Cuzco and was arrested. occupied by principal provinces. He was beheaded for his rebellion in the same MINI-BIBLIOGRAPHY walls are at Coricancha, and along the streets plaza as his father a few years prior.5 Photos by Patrick McGarey and Robert Roscoe. CONSTRUCTION. The smaller buildings were of Ahuacpinta Herrajes, Q’aphchick’ijllu (Pasaje See Full Bibliography at website. painted yellow and red, the larger buildings were Arequipa), St Catalina Angosta, and Loreta. 1547 CUZCO. Gonzalo Pizarro, because of his 1. Bauer, Brian. 7. Thomson, Hugh. built with perfect immense stones. Elevation: Only a few Inca doorways survive: Coricancha – full control of Peru and beyond, he openly 2. Frost, Peter. 8. von Hagen, Adriana. 11,000ft. In a valley, tall mountains on 3 sides. interior courtyard on west side. Romeritos 402 resisted Spain’s attempt to remove him. He sure 3. Hemming, John. 9. von Hagen, Victor. The SW stretches into fertile plains with bogs.9 has the best exterior door and Choquechaca 2 handedly defeated a much larger contigent of 4. MacQuarrie, Kim. National Geographic. Stone walls were sometimes stained. Streets 339. President Gasca at Huarina. He then moved to 5. Prescott, William Vautier, Mireille. 5 and plaza paved with fine pebble. WEATHER. Wet season: Oct – Apr. Jan and Feb secure Cuzco and prepared to face Gasca. 6. Steele, Paul. painting. Built to dazzle and impress. Population: are the wettest. Dry season: May – Sep, busiest 1547. ANDAGUAYLAS. Royalist president, 40,000–100,000, unsure, very little excavations. and end of June and July 28 – Aug 10.2 Gasca, stopped here on his march to Cuzco to 3.0 City layout: 12 districts based on the provinences 1535 NOV. Manco calls a secret meeting to Ollantaytambo to discuss rebellion. See Inca Rulers for more.4 capture Manco. They snuck close at 1536 EARLY FEB. Manco torches city during night and were then seige. (Apr 10, von Hagen) Continued from surprised by Inca 5 Battle of Calca. (May 6 MacQuarrie) forces with missles Juan Pizarro returns to Cuzco to find 200,000 of stones and arrows. Incas covering the hills. The Spanish had 200 Behind them the river troops. (196 Spanish, 100-200,000 incan + was diverted and 4 several thousand Canari and Chachapoyan. ) the ground flooded. Manco beseiged Cuzco in early Feb 1536. The Hernando was forced roofs were made of thatch and easily ignited to retreat. MANCO CAPAC I. VAUTIER PACHACUTEC. M ROSCOE SACSAHUAMAN. R ROSCOE by hurled hot stones. Cuzco was built without HERNANDO PIZARRO. HEMMING Almagro arrived 3 1533 OCT. XAQUIXAGUANA, 5 leagues from stone gables. So the ‘hip roofs’ burned easily. from Chile to find the country under siege. HISTORY Cuzco. Pizarro’s and Almagro’s forces unite. Inca warriors would run along the top of the Arriving with 500 men he arranged to meet Archaeology is beginning to show that the Pizarro remained for several days refreshing walls attacking the Spanish, giving them a rare Manco in Yucay. The other half of the soldiers Incas began consolidating power in the Cusco his troops. He put Challcuchima, Atahuallpa’s height advantage. See Cathedral for why it was stayed in Urcos. Untrusting of Almagro, the area in the 1100s as far away as 37mi. It was captured general to trial. He was blamed for the one of the few buildings not to burn. At times Incas quickly fell upon the Spaniards. But they done peacefully. This contrasts the idea that insurgency and burned alive.5 the Spanish would charge out to attack, but were easily repulsed. everything started with Pachacutec.1, 2 Manco Capac II arrived with a large entourage suffered precious losses because of ambushes, bow, and sling.5 Spanish also had 5000 Cañari. 1537 APR 8. Almagro betrayed a treaty with 1100. City founded by Manco Capac I, he ruled to announce himself to Pizarro as the new Sapa 5 Spanish would cut the hands off their prisoners Hernado and marched upon Cuzco and took for 100 years. Inca and asked for Spanish protection. of war.9 it easily. He imprisoned the Pizarro brothers. 1533. Hernado de Soto led a group ahead of Hernando decided that they must retake Alavadro had been sent with 500 men from 1440. PLAINS OF BLOOD. Chanca attacked Pizarro to Cuzco, repairing bridges as needed. Sacsayhuaman. The Incas had begun using Lima to help Hernando. He had his camp Cuzco under Hanco–Huallu with 8000 warriors. He crossed the rivers Abancay and Apurimac Spanish warfare against them: some swords, stationed in Xauxa. Almagro, now mayor of Viracocha Inca and his eldest sons fled. and drew near the sierra Vilcaconga, between helmets, gunpowder, and horses. The siege was Cuzco sent messangers to Alavadro demanding Pachacutec stayed to defend Cusco. Pururaucas, Cuzco and Apurimac. Here De Soto was seriously country-wide.