Report ITU-R SM.2451-0 (06/2019) Assessment of impact of wireless power transmission for electric vehicle charging on radiocommunication services SM Series Spectrum management ii Rep. ITU-R SM.2451-0 Foreword The role of the Radiocommunication Sector is to ensure the rational, equitable, efficient and economical use of the radio- frequency spectrum by all radiocommunication services, including satellite services, and carry out studies without limit of frequency range on the basis of which Recommendations are adopted. The regulatory and policy functions of the Radiocommunication Sector are performed by World and Regional Radiocommunication Conferences and Radiocommunication Assemblies supported by Study Groups. Policy on Intellectual Property Right (IPR) ITU-R policy on IPR is described in the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC referenced in Resolution ITU- R 1. Forms to be used for the submission of patent statements and licensing declarations by patent holders are available from http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/go/patents/en where the Guidelines for Implementation of the Common Patent Policy for ITU-T/ITU-R/ISO/IEC and the ITU-R patent information database can also be found. Series of ITU-R Reports (Also available online at http://www.itu.int/publ/R-REP/en) Series Title BO Satellite delivery BR Recording for production, archival and play-out; film for television BS Broadcasting service (sound) BT Broadcasting service (television) F Fixed service M Mobile, radiodetermination, amateur and related satellite services P Radiowave propagation RA Radio astronomy RS Remote sensing systems S Fixed-satellite service SA Space applications and meteorology SF Frequency sharing and coordination between fixed-satellite and fixed service systems SM Spectrum management Note: This ITU-R Report was approved in English by the Study Group under the procedure detailed in Resolution ITU-R 1. Electronic Publication Geneva, 2019 © ITU 2019 All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, by any means whatsoever, without written permission of ITU. Rep. ITU-R SM.2451-0 1 REPORT ITU-R SM.2451-0 Assessment of impact of wireless power transmission for electric vehicle charging on radiocommunication services (2019) TABLE OF CONTENTS Page 1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 5 2 Technical characteristics and protection requirements of radio services ....................... 5 3 System characteristics of WPT-EV applications ............................................................ 7 3.1 Radio characteristics of WPT-EV ...................................................................... 7 3.2 19-21 kHz/55-65 kHz WPT-EV usage scenario ................................................. 8 3.3 79-90 kHz WPT-EV usage scenario ................................................................... 10 3.4 Estimated activity factor per charging pad ......................................................... 12 4 Summary of the studies on the impact of WPT-EV on radiocommunication services .. 12 4.1 Impact studies for WPT-EV operating in the 19-21 kHz frequency range ........ 13 4.2 Impact studies for WPT-EV operating in the 55-65 kHz frequency range ........ 14 4.3 Impact studies for WPT-EV operating in the 79-90 kHz frequency range ........ 15 4.4 Limits of WPT-EV radiated emission for the protection of AM broadcasting .. 17 4.5 Impact of spurious and harmonic radiated emissions on the amateur service and relevant protection requirements .................................................................. 21 5 Harmonization and mitigation measures to minimize the impact of WPT-EV on the radiocommunication services ......................................................................................... 22 5.1 Global harmonization ......................................................................................... 22 5.2 Mitigation measures ............................................................................................ 22 6 Conclusions .................................................................................................................... 23 Annex 1 – Technical characteristics and protection requirements of radiocommunication services for use in WPT-EV impact studies ................................................................... 25 A1.1 Maritime services ................................................................................................ 25 A1.3 Amateur Service ................................................................................................. 27 A1.4 Standard Frequency and Time Signal Service .................................................... 27 A1.5 Sound broadcasting service ................................................................................ 32 A1.6 Meteorological service ........................................................................................ 33 Annex 2 – Example emission levels of WPT-EV .................................................................... 34 A2.1 19-21 kHz/55-65 kHz WPT-EV ......................................................................... 34 A2.2 79-90 kHz WPT-EV ........................................................................................... 35 2 Rep. ITU-R SM.2451-0 Page Annex 3 – Proposed emission limits for WPT-EV from Standards Development Organisations .................................................................................................................. 38 A3.1 Proposed draft CISPR limits ............................................................................... 38 Annex 4 – Impact studies on the Standard Frequency and Time Signal Service .................... 39 A4.1 Impact study on the 60 kHz Standard Frequency and Time Signal Service ...... 39 A4.2 Impact study on the 77.5 kHz Standard Frequency and Time Signal Service ... 51 Annex 5 – WPT-EV impact study from China ........................................................................ 59 A5.1 The impact study of WPT-EV on the MF broadcast .......................................... 59 A5.2 The impact study of WPT-EV on China Loran system ...................................... 78 A5.3 References ........................................................................................................... 86 Annex 6 – Impact Studies in Korea for 19-21 kHz/55-65 kHz WPT-EV ............................... 87 A6.1 Studies on the impact to SFTS services from 19-21 kHz/55-65 kHz WPT-EV ............................................................................................................................ 87 A6.2 Studies on the impact to AM sound broadcasting services from 19-21 kHz/55- 65 kHz WPT-EV ................................................................................................. 88 Annex 7 – Impact Studies in Japan for WPT-EV using 79-90 kHz ........................................ 91 A7.1 Introduction ......................................................................................................... 91 A7.2 Emission limits on WPT for EVs ....................................................................... 91 A7.3 WPT-EV Standardization ................................................................................... 92 A7.4 Impact Studies on the WPT using 79-90 kHz .................................................... 92 Annex 8 – Analysis of the impact of WPT systems to broadcasting services ......................... 102 A8.1 Background ......................................................................................................... 102 A8.2 Factors affecting the impact of interference ....................................................... 102 A8.3 Commentary and application to WPT systems and broadcast receivers. ........... 103 A8.4 Tolerable field strength limits ............................................................................. 103 Attachment 1 to Annex 8 – Information on LF and MF broadcast transmitters subject to impact from WPT-EV .................................................................................................... 111 A8-A1.1 Introduction.................................................................................................. 111 A8-A1.2 Available sources of information................................................................. 111 Supplement 1 to Attachment 1 to Annex 8 .............................................................................. 112 Supplement 2 to Attachment 1 to Annex 1 – Information from Technical parameters for broadcast radio transmitters (Ofcom UK) ...................................................................... 115 Rep. ITU-R SM.2451-0 3 Page Attachment 2 to Annex 8 – Report of MF Broadcasting across Portions of Region 2 ............ 116 A8-A2.1 Executive Overview..................................................................................... 116 A8-A2.2 Introduction.................................................................................................. 116 A8-A2.3 Market Study ............................................................................................... 117 Attachment 3 to Annex 8 – Factors affecting the harmful impact of interference .................. 119 Attachment 4 to Annex 8 – Derivation of maximum tolerable level of interference at the AM receiver .................................................................................................................... 120 Attachment 5 to Annex 8