Appendix K Archaeological Sites Technical Study In coordination with Oklahoma DOT Archaeological Sites Technical Study Prepared by July 2016 Contents Abbreviations and Acronyms ................................................................................................................... v 1.0 Introduction .............................................................................................................................. 1-1 1.1 Service Type Descriptions .............................................................................................. 1-4 1.1.1 Conventional Rail .......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.1.2 Higher-Speed Rail ......................................................................................................... 1-4 1.1.3 High-Speed Rail ............................................................................................................. 1-4 1.2 Alternative Descriptions ................................................................................................. 1-5 1.2.1 No Build Alternative ...................................................................................................... 1-5 1.2.2 Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth ....................................... 1-6 1.2.3 Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio ............................................. 1-7 1.2.4 Southern Section: San Antonio to South Texas .......................................................... 1-8 1.2.5 Station Cities ................................................................................................................. 1-9 2.0 Regulatory Requirements ........................................................................................................ 2-1 2.1.1 Federal Laws, Regulations, and Executive Orders ...................................................... 2-1 2.1.2 State Laws and Regulations ........................................................................................ 2-2 3.0 Evaluation Methods ................................................................................................................. 3-1 3.1 Data Sources ................................................................................................................... 3-1 3.2 Data Collection ................................................................................................................ 3-2 3.3 NRHP Significance Criteria ............................................................................................. 3-2 3.4 Service-Level Analysis ..................................................................................................... 3-2 4.0 Baseline/Affected Environment .............................................................................................. 4-1 4.1 EIS Study Area ................................................................................................................. 4-1 4.2 Brief Prehistoric Cultural Background of Region .......................................................... 4-1 4.2.1 Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth ....................................... 4-2 4.2.2 Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio ........................................... 4-11 4.2.3 Southern Section: San Antonio to South Texas ........................................................ 4-14 4.3 Archaeological Sites ..................................................................................................... 4-17 5.0 Effects on Archaeological Sites ............................................................................................... 5-1 5.1 No Build Alternative ........................................................................................................ 5-3 5.2 Northern Section: Oklahoma City to Dallas and Fort Worth ......................................... 5-3 5.2.1 Alternative N4A Conventional Rail ............................................................................... 5-3 5.3 Central Section: Dallas and Fort Worth to San Antonio ............................................... 5-4 5.3.1 Alternative C4A Higher-Speed Rail .............................................................................. 5-4 5.3.2 Alternative C4A High-Speed Rail .................................................................................. 5-5 5.3.3 Alternative C4B Higher-Speed Rail .............................................................................. 5-6 5.3.4 Alternative C4B High-Speed Rail .................................................................................. 5-6 5.3.5 Alternative C4C Higher-Speed Rail .............................................................................. 5-7 5.3.6 Alternative C4C High-Speed Rail .................................................................................. 5-8 Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study July 2016 Archaeological Sites Technical Study Page iii TBG111814093418SCO Contents 5.4 Southern Section: San Antonio to South Texas ............................................................ 5-9 5.4.1 Alternative S4 Higher-Speed Rail ................................................................................. 5-9 5.4.2 Alternative S6 Higher-Speed Rail ............................................................................... 5-10 5.4.3 Alternative S6 High-Speed Rail .................................................................................. 5-10 6.0 Avoidance, Minimization, and Mitigation Strategies .............................................................. 6-1 7.0 Summary .................................................................................................................................. 7-1 8.0 References ............................................................................................................................... 8-1 9.0 Preparers .................................................................................................................................. 9-1 List of Figures 1-1: Build Alternatives ............................................................................................................................ 1-2 4-1: Index Map ..................................................................................................................................... 4-26 4-2: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 1 ................................... 4-27 4-3: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 2 ................................... 4-28 4-4: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 3 ................................... 4-29 4-5: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 4 ................................... 4-30 4-6: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 5 ................................... 4-31 4-7: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 6 ................................... 4-32 4-8: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 7 ................................... 4-33 4-9: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 8 ................................... 4-34 4-10: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 9 ................................. 4-35 4-11: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 10 .............................. 4-36 4-12: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 11 .............................. 4-37 4-13: Archaeological Cultural Resources within the EIS Study Area – Map 12 .............................. 4-38 List of Tables 1-1: Alternatives Carried Forward for Further Evaluation .................................................................... 1-3 1-2: Cities with Potential Stations ....................................................................................................... 1-10 4-1: Prehistoric Archaeological Site Types by Natural Region ............................................................. 4-1 4-2: Archaeological Sites in Oklahoma—Northern Section (presented north to south and west to east) .......................................................................................................................... 4-18 4-3: Archaeological Sites in Texas—Northern Section (presented north to south and west to east) ................................................................................................................................. 4-19 4-4: Archaeological Sites—Central Section (presented north to south, and west to east) ............. 4-20 4-5: Archaeological Sites—Southern Section (Alternatives S4 and S6 presented north to south and west to east) ............................................................................................................... 4-24 5-1: Summary of Archaeological Sites by Geographic Section ............................................................ 5-1 5-2: Summary of Archaeological Sites by Alternative ........................................................................... 5-1 7-1: Summary of Potential Intensity of Effects on Archaeological Sites ............................................. 7-2 Texas-Oklahoma Passenger Rail Study July 2016 Archaeological Sites Technical Study Page iv TBG111814093418SCO Abbreviations and Acronyms APE Area of Potential Effect CFR Code of Federal Regulations