362 Indiana Magazine of History marked in Washington’s speeches and remarks at the various educational institutes held at Hampton and Tuskegee during these years and recorded in the book. Camden County College, Norman Lederer Blackwood, N. J. Ten Men of Minnesota and American Foreign Policy, 1898- 1968. By Barbara Stuhler. Minnesota Historical Society Public Affairs Center Publications. Edited by Russell W. Fridley ; managing editor, June Drenning Holmquist. (St. Paul: Minnesota Historical Society, 1973. Pp. xii, 263. Illustrations, reference notes, index. $8.50.) To write a book about individuals from a given state of the Union who have been important in the making of Ameri- can foreign policy is perhaps a new approach to the history of the United States, but it has to be said that in the case of Minnesota the effort has been successful. Many of that state’s leaders have excelled in the field of foreign affairs. Half the subjects of Ten Men of Minnesota have died, one of them many years ago. The others are still quite active in writing or speaking on foreign affairs, and one of them is yet in the United States Senate. Cushman K. Davis died shortly after the turn of the century, but not before he had served on the Senate foreign relations committee and been a peace commissioner at Paris in 1898 and stood with his fellow commissioner Whitelaw Reid in favor of taking all of the Philippine Islands. Charles A. Lindbergh, Sr., was a maverick congressman and lawyer, an isolationist. Harold Knutson and Henrik Shipstead served respectively in the House and Senate and championed isolationism through thick and thin. Frank B. Kellogg was a senator, secretary of state in the latter 1920s, and author of the Kellogg Pact for which he received the Nobel peace prize in 1930, the very year an- other Minnesotan, Sinclair Lewis, received the prize for litera- ture. Joseph H. Ball rose like a comet to become senator dur- ing the Second World War and an outstanding internation- alist, after which his career fell like a stone; and presently he lives on a farm in the Blue Ridge Mountains of Virginia, far from the political scenes of his youth. Harold E. Stassen likewise rose quickly to prominence, and then his career was overcome by what generally has been agreed to have been too much ambition; in his last effort for the presidency he re- Book Reviews 363 ceived two votes at the Republican national convention. Con- gressman Walter E. Judd is now out of Congress and still speaking for Chiang Kai-shek. Senators Hubert H. Humphrey and Eugene J. McCarthy have recently exchanged retirements, with McCarthy out and Humphrey in, but the presidential prospects of both of these able Minnesotans have been shat- tered, if for different reasons. How does one add up the record in Minnesota? It is of course a series of tales of ambition, and such tales are al- ways interesting and usually precautionary. None led its subject to the top national political prize. Some of the tales show individuals of great national promise, but the careers became mortgaged to circumstances, and luck failed. Davis, Knutson, and Shipstead probably were second or third raters. Lindbergh was a fascinating loner, just like his more famous son. Kellogg’s career brought high office perhaps too late in life, and in any event he lacked political judgment. Ball and Judd are able apostles but true believers, unable to waver when wavering is called for. Stassen had enormous talents but threw them to the winds. Eugene McCarthy proved himself too unstable for the American people to take him by the hand on anything more than a short walk. There remains Humphrey, about whom every reader will have opin- ions, and perhaps regrets. The author has managed nicely to surround her subjects with the events of their times; she has read wisely and well. She writes clearly. Her judgments are thoughtful without being sententious or didactic and are always fair. Indiana University, Bloomington Robert H. Ferrell Wisconsin: A State for All Seasons. Edited by Jill Dean and Susan Smith; William T. Pope, designer. (Madison: Wisconsin Tales and Trails, Incorporated, 1972. Pp. 175. Illustrations. $15.00.) Portrait of the Past: A Photographic Journey Through Wis- consin. By Howard Mead, Jill Dean, and Susan Smith; William T. Pope, designer. (Madison: Wisconsin Tales and Trails, Incorporated, 1971. Pp. 176. Illustrations. $12.50.) Nostalgia is the theme and Wisconsin’s uniqueness the goal in the photographic collections Wisconsin: A State for All Seasons and Portrait of the Past: A Photographic Jour- .